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Topic: Vaccines and Immunity
April 28, 2021
Vaccine Side-Effects and SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Vaccination in Users of the COVID Symptom Study App in the UK: A Prospective Observational Study
SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were lower in vaccinated persons, according to reports from the COVID Symptom Study app in the UK (n=627,383). Among Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine recipients, infections were lower by 58% 12-20 days and by 72% 45-59 days after the first dose compared to frequencies in unvaccinated users, and infection rates were also lower among Oxford-AstraZeneca…
Age-Dependent Immune Response to the Biontech/Pfizer BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccination
A cohort study in Germany determined that antibody titers were significantly lower in adults over age 80 (n=83) vaccinated with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine compared to vaccinated individuals under age 60 (n = 93) after one and two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. Most participants in both groups produced IgG antibodies. The magnitude of increase of…
Longitudinal Analysis Shows Durable and Broad Immune Memory after SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Persisting Antibody Responses and Memory B and T Cells
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Longitudinal assessment of immune memory response found that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies exhibited an initial rapid decline from peak levels followed by a much slower decrease (“plateau-phase”). Among 254 recovered COVID-19 patients up to 8 months after symptom onset, anti-spike IgG antibodies were estimated to have an initial half-life of 126 days up to…
April 27, 2021
Effectiveness of MRNA COVID-19 Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Cohort of Healthcare Personnel
The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were up to 96% effective in preventing PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection following two doses, according a retrospective cohort study of over 45,000 US healthcare personnel. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine accounted for 93% of vaccinations and the Moderna vaccine accounted for 7%. The authors adjusted for age, gender, region, job, and week of vaccination…
Updated Recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for Use of the Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 Vaccine After Reports of Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Among Vaccine Recipients — United States, April 2021
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) reaffirmed its interim recommendation for use of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine in all persons aged ≥18 years on April 23, 2021 and recommended including a warning that rare clotting events may occur in female vaccine recipients aged 18-49 years. The updated recommendations follow the recommended pause by…
April 26, 2021
Interim Findings from First-Dose Mass COVID-19 Vaccination Roll-out and COVID-19 Hospital Admissions in Scotland: A National Prospective Cohort Study
Between December 8, 2020, and February 22, 2021, receipt of the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in Scotland was associated with a vaccine effectiveness of 91% for reduced COVID-19 hospital admission at 28–34 days post-vaccination, and 88% for the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. Over the study period, a total of 1,331,993 individuals who had not previously…
Re-Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in Patients Undergoing Serial Laboratory Testing
A low frequency of SARS-CoV-2 re-infection (0.7%) was identified in a large cohort of patients (n = 9,119) who received serial tests at 62 health care facilities in the United States between December 1, 2019 and November 13, 2020. Re-infection was defined as two positive tests separated by an interval of more than 90 days…
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) Is Not Significantly Linked to COVID-19 Vaccines or Non-COVID Vaccines in a Large Multi-State US Health System
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), which occurs when a blood clot prevents blood from properly flowing out of the brain, was rare and not significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccines in a study conducted among individuals who received the Pfizer-BioNTech (n = 94,818 doses), Moderna (n = 36,350 doses) and Johnson & Johnson…
BNT162b2 Vaccination Effectively Prevents the Rapid Rise of SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.1.7 in High Risk Populations in Israel
The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant was 45% more transmissible than the original strain in Israel, and was identified in more than 90% of positive tests by February 4th, according to an analysis of nearly 300,000 RT-PCR samples collected between December 6, 2020 and February 10, 2021. The authors note that surveillance programs and prioritized vaccination, which…
First Dose of BNT162b2 MRNA Vaccine in a Health Care Worker Cohort Is Associated with Reduced Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Among healthcare workers at a hospital in the UK, increased coverage (8.3% to 82.5%) of at least one dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination was associated with significant reductions in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2. There was a significant negative correlation between cumulative vaccination and PCR positive cases (R = -0.91), along with a marked…
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