Result for
Topic: Vaccines and Immunity
February 8, 2021
Measuring the Impact of COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation on Vaccination Intent in the UK and USA
A randomized controlled trial exposing participants to either misinformation or factual information about COVID-19 vaccines found that among people who at baseline stated they would definitely accept the vaccine, exposure to misinformation led to a 6.2 percentage point reduction in vaccine intent among participants in the UK and a 6.4 percentage point reduction among US…
February 5, 2021
Efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 VOC
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] The efficacy the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Oxford-AstraZeneca; AZD1222) against the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2 was similar to the efficacy against parent lineages, with 74% efficacy (95% CI, 42-89%) against B.1.1.7 compared to 84% efficacy (95% CI, 71-91%) against non- B.1.1.7 lineages. Vaccine-induced antibodies had an approximately nine-fold reduction in neutralization activity…
February 4, 2021
Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) in Healthy Adults Aged 60 Years and Older: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 trial of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine CoronaVac conducted among healthy, seronegative adults aged ≥60 years (n=421), all adverse reactions were mild or moderate, with injection site pain as the most frequently reported reaction (9%). Seroconversion after two doses was reported in at least 90% of all dosage groups…
Epidemiological and Evolutionary Considerations of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Dosing Regimes
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] An immuno-epidemiological model suggests that a one-dose vaccination strategy would likely decrease SARS-CoV-2 infections, but only in the short term. Long-term outcomes, as well as likelihood of viral evolution driven by partial immunity, are mainly driven by relative immune robustness of one versus two doses. Saad-Roy et al. (Feb 3, 2021)….
Impact of the B.1.1.7 Variant on Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Diverse Epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 Spike
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant (first identified in the UK) was shown to reduce neutralizing activity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting subdominant epitopes in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. In particular, the B.1.1.7 (UK) variant reduced neutralizing activity of mAbs specific to the N-terminal domain (NTD) by up to 16-fold. NTD-specific mAbs consisted…
Vaccine Optimization for COVID-19: Who to Vaccinate First?
An age-stratified mathematical model parameterized with a population with an age distribution based on Washington State suggests that vaccines that are at least 50% effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection could be sufficient to substantially reduce infections and deaths and mitigate the pandemic, assuming roughly 70% vaccination coverage. For low vaccine effectiveness, vaccine allocation to high-risk…
Dynamics of Neutralizing Antibody Titers in the Months After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 declined by an average of 4-fold after 4 months post-symptom onset in a cohort of 32 individuals recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The authors conclude that the dynamics of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in the first several months after infection are consistent with what would be expected based on knowledge…
February 3, 2021
The Basis of a More Contagious 501Y.V1 Variant of SARS-COV-2
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] The receptor binding domain (RBD) of the 501Y.V1 SARS-CoV-2 variant (first identified in the UK) has around a 10-times higher binding affinity for human ACE2 than the RBD of the parent N501 strain, suggesting a potential mechanism for the higher rate of contagiousness observed with this strain. Sera collected from individuals immunized…
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and Inequity in the United States Results from a Nationally Representative Survey
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Weighted analysis of results from a nationally-representative survey of US adults (n=1,592) from September 1-7, 2020 showed that 59% of the population were willing or extremely willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine as soon as it became publicly available, while almost 68% of respondents were willing or extremely willing to take the…
Single Dose Administration , and the Influence of the Timing of the Booster Dose on Immunogenicity and Efficacy of ChAdOx1 NCoV-19 ( AZD1222 ) Vaccine
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Exploratory analysis of interim data from the University of Oxford studies of the ChAdOx1 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccine suggested that lengthening the interval between vaccination doses was associated with increases in clinical efficacy. In the standard dose group (since approved by the MHRA and other international regulators), the efficacy after the second dose was…
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