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Topic: Vaccines and Immunity
November 24, 2020
Stable Neutralizing Antibody Levels Six Months after Mild and Severe COVID-19 Episode
Pre-print, not peer reviewed] Longitudinal analysis of 210 Spanish patients followed for up to 242 days showed that individuals with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection experienced a negligible decay in neutralizing antibody activity that persisted for six months after symptom onset, while hospitalized individuals showed an initial rapid decline in neutralizing titers that significantly slowed…
Willingness to Get the COVID-19 Vaccine with and without Emergency Use Authorization
A quota-sampled online survey of 788 US adults found that 60% of participants were either definitely willing or probably willing to receive a future COVID-19 vaccine and 25% were either definitely willing or probably willing to receive the vaccine if it were approved under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). Significant predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake…
November 23, 2020
Safety and Immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 NCoV-19 Vaccine Administered in a Prime-Boost Regimen in Young and Old Adults (COV002): A Single-Blind, Randomised, Controlled, Phase 2/3 Trial
A novel chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, was reported to be safe and well tolerated with reduced reactogenicity in healthy adults aged ≥18 years. A single-blind, randomized phase 2/3 trial in UK (n=552) found that compared to adults who received a control vaccine for meningitis, adults who received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 developed antibody responses against the…
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Ethical Principles for Allocating Initial Supplies of COVID-19 Vaccine — United States, 2020
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices announced 4 ethical principles, in addition to scientific data and implementation feasibility, to assist in developing implementation strategies for the initial allocation of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: 1) maximizing benefits and minimizing harms; 2) promoting justice; 3) mitigating health inequities; and 4) promoting transparency. McClung et al. (Nov 23, 2020)….
November 20, 2020
Kinetics and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children
Changes in the concentration of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 over time in children were found to be similar to adults. In a prospective multicenter cohort study of antibody responses in 849 children, antibody titers in children exposed to SARS-CoV-2 remain at a detectable level for at least 62 days, with the mean titer increasing over time….
Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 are associated with protection against Reinfection
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] A prospective longitudinal cohort study of healthcare workers shows that antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (suggesting previous infection) are associated with lower risk of a PCR-positive test (IRR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08-0.76). The study included 11,052 seronegative individuals and 1,246 seropositive individuals. No symptomatic infections and only three asymptomatic…
November 19, 2020
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses Are Correlated to Disease Severity in COVID-19 Convalescent Individuals
A study evaluating novel ELISA-based assays to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (including antibody sandwich ELISA and three isotype-specific assays) found that among convalescent patients (n=350), IgM, IgA, and IgG antibody responses against the receptor-binding domain significantly correlated with disease severity. Hansen et al. (Nov 18, 2020). SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses Are Correlated to Disease Severity in COVID-19…
Global Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 338 seroprevalence studies representing 50 countries and 2.3 million participants, global SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the general population was low (median 3.2%, IQR 1.0-6.4%) through August 2020, suggesting that most of the population still remains susceptible to infection. Seroprevalence was higher among Black and Asian…
November 18, 2020
Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy Adults Aged 18-59 Years: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial
An inactivated vaccine produced by Sinovac was safe and immunogenic in early phase clinical testing. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial (n=743), healthy adults who received two doses of a b-proprionolactione inactivated SARS-CoV2 vaccine (“CoronaVac”) demonstrated high rates of seroconversion. In phase 1 (n=143), the seroconversion rate after day 28 was 83%…
Association between Exposure to Influenza Vaccination and COVID-19 Diagnosis and Outcomes
Influenza vaccination was associated with lower risk of COVID-19 diagnosis and hospitalization. Among 17,608 residents in Italy who tested for SARS-CoV-2 (28% positive), influenza vaccination (IV) was associated with lower risk of COVID-19 diagnosis (OR=0.9) in the overall cohort, and was associated with lower risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization (HR=0.7) and death (HR=0.7) in patients age…
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