Advanced Physical Diagnosis
Examination
  • Techniques
• Jugular Venous Pressure
• Jugular Waveforms
  • Demonstrations
Historical
Pathophysiology
Associated Evaluations
  • Patient HX
  • Physical Exam
  • Laboratory & Imaging
Differential Dx
Evidence Base
• Measurement of Jugular Venous Pressure
• Hepatojugular Reflux (HJR)
• Cardiac Hemodynamics
References
Teaching Tips
[Skill Modules >> Neck & Veins Examination ]

Abnormal Pulsations

Large A Wave Pattern

Giant or large a waves occur on every beat while canon a waves result from arrhythmias; and, therefore, are intermittent and on a minority of beat. Cause of cannon a wave are av dissociation from heart block or pacers and premature ventricular contraction.

giant a wave with impaired y descent

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