A landscaper planted a River birch next to our house 9 years ago. The roots are everywhere. We heard that this is one of the worst trees to plant next to a house. We have a basement. What should we do?
River birch (Betula nigra) is rated as having moderate root damage
potential by the Urban Forest Ecosystems Institute.
The following, from University of Saskatchewan’s “Guide to Birch Trees,” supports what you have heard about planting this tree near a structure, but takes the approach that it is not good for the tree, rather than a danger to the foundation. Excerpt:
“On a healthy birch, the roots will spread to a distance of at least twice
the tree’s height. This means that the roots of a mature tree may cover
an area about one third the size of a football field. To permit proper
root spread, trees should be planted as far as possible from any
obstruction that may interfere with root development. Sidewalks,
driveways, patios and building foundations will all limit root
development. Where a tree is growing on heavy soils, aeration holes will
help maintain root vitality.”
Tree roots are not likely to infiltrate a solid foundation, but if there
are cracks, it is certainly possible, and if tree roots expand
sufficiently over time, they may begin to exert pressure on the
foundation. However, birch roots are shallow, as indicated in this USDA
Forest Service guide to growing birch trees.
It is not a good idea to plant any tree right next to a house, if only
because the tree will undoubtedly require pruning to keep it out of the
way of windows, doors, and so forth. If you like the tree and would like
to move it to a better spot, you should consider contacting a certified
arborist. Here are links to referral services.
Pacific Northwest Chapter of the International Society of Arboriculture