Article Summary
June 29, 2020
Teach and Teach and Teach: Does the Average Citizen Use Masks Correctly during Daily Activities Results from an Observational Study with More than 12000 Participants
[pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A cross-sectional study conducted in five Brazilian cities found that out of over 12,000 people observed, only 45% wore masks correctly, 16% did not use masks at all, and 40% used masks incorrectly. Araujo et al. (June 28, 2020). Teach and Teach and Teach: Does the Average Citizen Use Masks Correctly during Daily Activities Results…
General Model for COVID-19 Spreading with Consideration of Intercity Migration, Insufficient Testing and Active Intervention: Application to Study of Pandemic Progression in Japan and USA
[pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Zhan et al. developed a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Confirmed-Recovered model that incorporates both intercity travel and insufficient testing to predict the spread of COVID-19 in the US and Japan, using data through March 20. The authors found that the ratio of detected to undetected cases may be as high as 1:5 in the US and that…
How and When to End the COVID-19 Lockdown: An Optimization Approach
Rawson et al. applied an optimal control framework to an adapted SEIR model framework to evaluate the efficacy of lockdown release strategies in the UK. They found simultaneous release of the entire population to be a high-risk strategy, with gradual re-integration preferred. Among gradual re-integration strategies, releasing approximately half the population 2-4 weeks after the end of the initial…
Associations among State-Level Physical Distancing Measures and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors among U.S. Adults during the Early COVID-19 Pandemic
A survey of US adults conducted from mid-March through early April 2020 found residing in a state with stay-at-home orders and/or bans on large gatherings was not associated with life stressors, probable depression, or suicidal ideation or attempts within the past month. Bryan et al. (June 2020). Associations among State-Level Physical Distancing Measures and Suicidal…
Psychological Distress, Coping Behaviors, and Preferences for Support among New York Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
A survey of US healthcare workers conducted during the peak of inpatient admissions for COVID-19 in New York City found 57% screened positive for acute stress, 48% for depressive symptoms, and 33% for anxiety symptoms. The proportion screening positive was higher for nurses and advanced practice providers than attending physicians. Sixty-one percent reported an increased sense of meaning/purpose since the outbreak….
Problem Drinking before and during the COVID-19 Crisis in US and UK Adults Evidence from Two Population-Based Longitudinal Studies
[pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Daly and Robinson found a significant increase in the percentage of participants who reported drinking alcohol 4 or more times per week from 12% pre-COVID-19 to 18% by early April among US adults (n=7,327), with this increase persisting through April and May. Effects were largest among individuals who were under 50, white, unmarried, and from households earning $40,000 or more per year. Results were…
COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents in Europe: A Multinational, Multicentre Cohort Study
A cohort study of 582 children with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 across 25 European countries found 25% had pre-existing conditions, 62% were admitted to the hospital, 8% were admitted to the ICU, 4% received mechanical ventilation, and 0.69% (4 children) died (4% symptomatic at end of study). Significant risk factors for ICU admission included being younger than 1 month (OR 5.06), being male sex (OR 2.12), having…
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir, an Antiviral for Treatment of COVID-19, in Healthy Subjects
Two phase I studies evaluating the safety and pharmacokinetics of single escalating and multiple intravenous (IV) doses of remdesivir in healthy subjects found all adverse events were grade 1 or 2 in severity (mild to moderate, with only minimal, local, or non-invasive treatment needed) and that once daily dosing is appropriate. Humeniuk et al. (June 2020). Safety, Tolerability, and…
Seroprevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Six Sites in the United States March 23-May 3 2020
[pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Havers et al. report findings from a large seroprevalence study using a convenience sample of serum collected for routine clinical purposes from patients in Connecticut (CT), south Florida (FL), Missouri (MO), New York City metro region (NY), Utah (UT), and the Puget Sound region (WA) from March 23-May 3. Out of a total of almost 12,000 samples, seroprevalence was lowest in WA at 1.13% (95% CI 0.70%,…
June 26, 2020
Evaluation of Ultraviolet-C Light for Rapid Decontamination of Airport Security Bins in the Era of SARS-CoV-2
UV-C light administered at 10-, 20-, or 30-second cycles from one inch above a plastic airport security bin reduced contamination by both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multiple viruses used as surrogates for SARS-CoV-2. The 30 second cycle met criteria for decontamination for both organisms. Cadnum et al. (May 22, 2020). Evaluation of Ultraviolet-C Light for Rapid Decontamination of Airport Security Bins in the Era of SARS-CoV-2. Pathogens & Immunity. https://doi.org/10.20411/pai.v5i1.373
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