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Tag: children
December 23, 2020
Epidemiology of COVID-19 Infection in Young Children under Five Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
A meta-analysis of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 in children under 5 years of age determined that children were frequently prescribed antibiotics and that the majority of the reported cases were children less than one year old. Bhuiyan et al. identified 65 studies of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of lab-confirmed COVID-19 infections in 1,214 children under age…
December 16, 2020
Neuroimaging Manifestations in Children with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Multinational, Multicentre Collaborative Study
A study of neuroimaging manifestations in 38 children from 8 countries identified acute- and delayed-phase SARS-CoV-2-related central nervous system abnormalities ranging from mild to severe. The most common imaging patterns observed were immune-mediated disseminated encephalomyelitis-like changes of the brain (n=16), myelitis (n=8), and neural enhancement (n=13). Splenial lesions (n=7) and myositis (n=4) were predominantly observed…
December 10, 2020
Severity of COVID-19 in Children with Cancer: Report from the United Kingdom Paediatric Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project
A retrospective and prospective observational study of all children in the UK under 16 diagnosed with cancer suggests that children with cancer do not appear to be at increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the general pediatric population. 54 cases were identified between March-July 2020 (3% estimated cumulative incidence); 5 (28%) were asymptomatic,…
December 7, 2020
A Meta-Analysis on the Role of Children in SARS-CoV-2 in Household Transmission Clusters
A meta-analysis of the role of children in SARS-CoV-2 household transmission identified 213 transmission clusters from 12 countries, and found that only 8 clusters (3.8%) had a pediatric index case. Asymptomatic index cases were associated with a lower secondary attack rate in contacts than symptomatic index cases (RR 0.17). The secondary attack rate was also…
December 1, 2020
Race/Ethnicity Among Children With COVID-19–Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome
Analysis of routine public health surveillance data from March to June 2020 identified an overrepresentation of Black children among those with COVID-19-associated multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in New York City (n=223). While Black children constitute 22% of the New York City population, 34% of patients were Black. Additionally, compared with white children, a…
Absence of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission from Children in Isolation to Guardians, South Korea
In an observational study of 12 SARS-CoV-2 positive children isolating with their uninfected guardians in hospital rooms in Korea, none of the guardians became SARS-CoV-2 positive despite frequent close contact. All guardians complied with wearing PPE, including gloves and a variety of masks, while only 4 children complied well with mask use. Two guardian-child pairs…
November 30, 2020
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in an Urban Community: The Role of Children and Household Contacts
A retrospective study of infection patterns among contacts of 71 children with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in an urban setting found that fewer than half of children who tested positive had a household sick contact (HHSC). HHSCs were defined as someone who either tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 or who had symptoms consistent with COVID-19. In all…
November 23, 2020
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
A meta-analysis (n = 96 studies) of the clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in children (mean age 6.5 years) reported that 90% had household contact with an individual with SARS-CoV-2, 23% were asymptomatic, 27% had at least one comorbidity, and 29% had a co-infection, such as with mycoplasma or influenza. The pooled incubation period was 9.6…
November 18, 2020
Characteristics of Pediatric Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome (PMIS) Associated with COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis and Insights into Pathogenesis
A meta-analysis of pediatric multisystem inflammation syndrome (PMIS) documented three common types of PMIS clinical presentation: persistent fever and gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiogenic shock, and Kawasaki disease-like syndrome. In 7 studies including 182 patients, only 9% of patients presented with respiratory symptoms and only 37% were positive for SARS-CoV2 by PCR, while 81% were positive for…
November 17, 2020
SARS-CoV-2 Clinical Syndromes and Predictors of Disease Severity in Hospitalized Children and Youth
In a multicenter study of children hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut (n=281), over half had respiratory disease and 69/281 (25%) had multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Obesity and low blood oxygen levels (hypoxia) on admission predicted severe respiratory disease, while lower absolute lymphocyte count predicted severe MIS-C. Neither race/ethnicity…
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