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Tag: treatment
October 9, 2020
Preemptive Interleukin-6 Blockade in Patients with COVID-19
Preemptive therapy with tocilizumab to prevent the consequences of cytokine storm was associated with early favorable outcomes in 77% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and death occurred in 6% of treated patients in a study of 64 patients in Spain. estimated mortality of 10 to 20% in comparably ill patients. [EDITORIAL NOTE: The lack of…
October 8, 2020
Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 – Final Report
Infusion of the antiviral drug remdesivir led to faster recovery time (median 10 vs. 15 days) and a non-significantly lower risk of death at 29 days (HR=0.73, 95% CI 0.52-1.03) in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Serious adverse events were reported in 131 of 532 (24.6%) patients in the remdesivir group…
October 7, 2020
Lilly Provides Comprehensive Update on Progress of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Programs
[Press release, not peer-reviewed] A combination of two monoclonal antibodies showed evidence of efficacy for treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2 trial (BLAZE-1 trial) showed that combination therapy with two of Lilly’s SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (LY-CoV555 and LY-CoV016) administered to patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 (112 received antibody, 156 received placebo) reduced viral…
October 6, 2020
Temporal Analysis of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donations Reveals Significant Decrease in Neutralizing Capacity Over Time
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] Analysis of 981 COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CP) samples from 196 donors shows that over time, neutralizing capacities of CP can decrease below recommended FDA levels of 50% neutralization (PRNT50%) and 90% neutralization (PPRNT90%). The most significant decreases of PRNT50% titer occurred at more than 43 days post initial donation, suggesting a…
Lopinavir–Ritonavir in Patients Admitted to Hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): A Randomised, Controlled, Open-Label, Platform Trial
A randomized open-label trial (RECOVERY trial) found that among patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir was not associated with reduction in 28-day all-cause mortality (RR=1.03, 95%CI: 0.91-1.17), duration of hospital stay (RR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.91-1.05), or progression to mechanical ventilation or death (RR=1.09, 95%CI: 0.99-1.20). 23% of patients receiving lopinavir-ritonavir died within 28…
October 5, 2020
Association of Corticosteroids Use and Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
A systematic review with 1 randomized trial and 19 cohort studies (16,977 hospitalized COVID-19 patients) reported that corticosteroid therapy was not associated with a reduction in short-term mortality (RR=0.9, 95%CI 0.7-1.2) but possibly with a delay in viral clearance (RR=1.5, 95%CI 1.1-1.9). The authors call for caution in interpretation due to discordant results observed between…
Use of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine in COVID-19: How Good Is the Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials?
A review of 16 clinical trials of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine to treat COVID-19, of which 14 were randomized, reported concerns about the ability to derive meaningful results from the trials due to the assessed risk of bias in the studies. None of the trials met the CONSORT criteria in full for reporting harms data. None…
September 30, 2020
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Levels in Relation to Risk Factors for COVID-19 in Two Large Cohorts of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Male sex, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and biomarker indicators of biological aging were associated with higher levels of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (sACE2) among two international cohorts of elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. Higher levels of sACE2 could reflect a higher cellular expression of ACE2, a cellular receptor by which SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells, and thus…
Risk of COVID-19-Related Death among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Asthma Prescribed Inhaled Corticosteroids: An Observational Cohort Study Using the OpenSAFELY Platform
In a large cohort of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the UK (n=148,557), and asthma (818,490), Schultze et al. found an increased risk of COVID-19 related death associated with use of inhaled corticosteroids, compared to other commonly-used medications. The authors note that the observed increased risks could be attributed to unmeasured confounding…
The Role of Anti-Hypertensive Treatment, Comorbidities and Early Introduction of LMWH in the Setting of COVID-19: A Retrospective, Observational Study in Northern Italy
Chronic treatment with the antihypertensive medications angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) and early treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) were both associated with lower in-hospital mortality in a cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Italy (n=575), after adjusting for age. Angiotensin receptor blockers, which are also antihypertensive agents acting on the same physiological pathway, were…
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