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Topic: Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting
July 6, 2020
High Proportion of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections in 9 Long-Term Care Facilities, Pasadena, California, USA, April 2020
A high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was identified in long-term care facilities in Pasadena, California. Among 938 persons (356 staff and 582 residents) tested for SARS-CoV-2 using rRT-PCR at 9 long-term care facilities, 631 were positive (overall: 67%; staff: 63%; residents: 70%). Staff involved with direct patient care had a higher rate of infection than staff who were not (69%,150/219 vs. 48%, 25/52). Among…
July 2, 2020
Risk Factors Associated with COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on Contacts Tracing
In a retrospective cohort study of 11,580 contacts of COVID-19 cases in Guangdong, China the overall risk of SARS-CoV2-infection based on RT-PCR testing was 4.5% (515/11,580). Higher risk was seen among children (RR=2.6) and old people aged 60-69 years (RR=5.3) compared to young adults aged 20-29 years, higher among females than males (RR=1.66), and higher among family members of an index cases (spouse: RR=20.7; non-spouse family members: RR=9.6). Infection risk was higher for contacts exposed to an index case during the symptomatic period…
Neurologic and Radiographic Findings Associated With COVID-19 Infection in Children
Abdel-Mannan et al. report that 4 previously-healthy children had neurological symptoms among 27 children with COVID-19 pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome admitted to a hospital in London, UK. All 4 children required intensive care unit admission. Abdel-Mannan et al. (July 1, 2020). Neurologic and Radiographic Findings Associated With COVID-19 Infection in Children. JAMA Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2687
A Scalable Method of Applying Heat and Humidity for Decontamination of N95 Respirators during the COVID-19 Crisis
There was no significant degradation of mask filtration efficiency in tests of the effect of a heating protocol for sterilizing masks prior to reuse in a selection of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators. Three out of five models passed fit testing after heating, and the two models that did not pass fit testing also had low fit scores prior to heating. The authors conclude this heating protocol is practical…
July 1, 2020
Initial and Repeated Point Prevalence Surveys to Inform SARS-CoV-2 Infection Prevention in 26 Skilled Nursing Facilities — Detroit, Michigan, March–May 2020
Sanchez et al. found that repeated point prevalence surveys at 26 Detroit skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) identified an attack rate of 44% among SNF residents. Within 21 days of diagnosis, 37% of infected patients were hospitalized and 24% died. Among 12 facilities participating in a second survey and receiving on-site infection prevention and control support, the percentage of newly identified cases decreased…
The Association of Hypertension with the Severity and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients: Evidence Based on Adjusted Effect Estimates
A systematical review and meta-analysis (19 studies, 15,302 COVID-19 cases) shows that adjusted for relevant confounders, hypertension is significantly associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients (OR=1.44; 95% CI 1.24-1.66). Liang et al. (June 23, 2020). The Association of Hypertension with the Severity and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients: Evidence Based on Adjusted Effect Estimates. Journal of Infection. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.060
The Effect of Frailty on Survival in Patients with COVID-19 (COPE): A Multicentre, European, Observational Cohort Study
A large study of patients from the UK (10 hospitals) and Italy (1 hospital) found that a clinical frailty scale was a better predictor of COVID-19 disease outcomes among hospitalized patients than either age or comorbidity. The clinical frailty scale could inform decision making about medical care in adult patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Hewitt et al. (June…
June 30, 2020
COVID-19 Outcomes among People with Intellectual and Developmental Disability Living in Residential Group Homes in New York State
Landes et al. found that people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) living in residential group homes in New York State were at elevated risk of COVID-19. The case rate was 8% among people with IDD compared to 2% for the general population in New York State. The case fatality rate was 15.0% and 7.9%, respectively. Landes et…
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in U.S. Children and Adolescents
Feldstein et al. identified 186 cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) between March 15-May 20, 2020 in pediatric health centers in 26 US states. Most children were positive for SARS-CoV-2 (n=131; 70%) and were previously healthy (n=135; 73%). SARS-CoV-2 associated MIS-C led to serious and life-threatening illness: 148 children (80%) received intensive care, 37 (20%)…
June 29, 2020
COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents in Europe: A Multinational, Multicentre Cohort Study
A cohort study of 582 children with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 across 25 European countries found 25% had pre-existing conditions, 62% were admitted to the hospital, 8% were admitted to the ICU, 4% received mechanical ventilation, and 0.69% (4 children) died (4% symptomatic at end of study). Significant risk factors for ICU admission included being younger than 1 month (OR 5.06), being male sex (OR 2.12), having…
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