Recent publications:
C.J. Cambier, K.K. Takaki, R.P. Larson, R.E. Hernandez, D.M. Tobin, K.B. Urdahl, C.L. Cosma, L. Ramakrishnan. 2014. Mycobacteria manipulate macrophage recruitment through coordinated use of membrane lipids. Nature 505(7482):218-22.
D.M. Tobin, L. Ramakrishnan. 2013. TB: the Yin and Yang of lipid mediators. Current Opinion in Pharmacology 13:1-5.
K. Takaki, J.M. Davis, K. Winglee, L. Ramakrishnan. 2013. Evaluation of the pathogenesis and treatment of Mycobacterium marinum infection in zebrafish. Nature Protocols 8(6):1114-24
D.M. Tobin, F.J. Roca, J.P. Ray, D.C. Ko, L. Ramakrishnan. 2013. An Enzyme That Inactivates the Inflammatory Mediator Leukotriene B4 Restricts Mycobacterial Infection. Plos One 8:7:e67828.
F.J. Roca and L. Ramakrishnan. 2013. TNF dually mediates resistance and susceptibility to mycobacteria via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Cell 153, 521-534
L. Ramakrishnan. 2013. Looking within the zebrafish to understand the tuberculous granuloma. Adv Exp Med Biol 783:251-266.
J.D. Szumowski, K.N. Adams, P.H. Edelstein, and L. Ramakrishnan. 2012 Antimicrobial Efflux Pumps and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Drug Tolerance: Evolutionary Considerations. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. In process.
R.D. Berg, and L. Ramakrishnan. 2012. Insights into tuberculosis from the zebrafish model. Trends Mol Med. 18(12):689-90.
C.T. Yang, C.J. Cambier, J.M. Davis, C.J. Hall, P.S. Crosier, and L. Ramakrishnan. 2012. Neutrophils Exert Protection in the Early Tuberculous Granuloma by Oxidative Killing of Mycobacteria Phagocytosed From Infected Macrophages. Cell Host and Microbe: 12(3):301-12.
K. Takaki, C.L. Cosma, M.A. Troll and L. Ramakrishnan. 2012. An in vivo platform for rapid high-throughput antitubercular drug discovery. Cell Reports 2: 175-84.
L. Ramakrishnan. 2012. Revisiting the role of the granuloma in tuberculosis. Nat Rev Immunol 12:352-66.
D.M. Tobin, F.J. Roca, S.F. Oh, R. McFarland, T.W. Vickery, J.P. Ray, D.C. Ko, Y. Zou, N.D. Bang, T.T. Chau, J.C. Vary, T.R. Hawn, S.J. Dunstan, J. J. Farrar, G.E. Thwaites, M.C. King, C.N. Serhan, L. Ramakrishnan. 2012. Host Genotype Directed Therapies can Optimize the Inflammatory Response to Mycobacterial Infections. Cell 148:434-46.
K.N. Adams, K.K Takaki, L.E. Connolly, H. Wiedenhoft, K. Winglee, O. Humbert, P.E. Edelstein, C.L. Cosma, L. Ramakrishnan. 2011. Drug Tolerance in Replicating Mycobacteria Induced by a Macrophage-Induced Efflux Mechanism. Cell, 145, 39-53
D. M. Tobin, J.C. Vary Jr, J.P. Ray, G.S. Walsh, S.J. Dunstan, N.D. Bang, D.A. Hagge, S. Khadge, M-C. King, T.R. Hawn, C.B. Moens, L. Ramakrishnan. The lta4h Locus Modulates Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Infection in Zebrafish and Humans. 2010. Cell 140:717-730.
H. E. Volkman, T. C. Pozos, J. Zheng, J.M. Davis, J. F. Rawls, L. Ramakrishnan. 2010. Tuberculous granuloma induction via interactions of a bacterial secreted protein with host epithelium. Science, 327:466-469.
B.A. Traag. A. Driks, P. Stragier, W. Bitter, G. Broussard, G. Hatfull, F. Chu, K.N. Adams, L. Ramakrishnan, R. Losick. 2010. Do mycobacteria produce endospores? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 107:878-81.
J.M. Davis, D. Haake*, L. Ramakrishnan*. 2009 Leptospira interrogans stably infects zebrafish in embryos, altering phagocyte behavior and homing to specific tissues. PLoS Neg Trop Dis, 3:e463. *Joint corresponding authors.
M. Brannon, J. M. Davis, C. Hall, P. Crozier, J. R. Mathias, A. Huttenlocher, L. Ramakrishnan* and S. Moskowitz*. 2009. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III secretion system interacts with phagocytes to modulate systemic infection of zebrafish embryos. Cell Microbiol, 11:755-768. *Joint corresponding authors.
J.M. Davis and L. Ramakrishnan. 2009. The role of the granuloma in the expansion and dissemination of early tuberculous infection. Cell 136:37-49
C.L. Cosma, O. Humbert, D.R. Sherman. L. Ramakrishnan. 2008. Trafficking of Superinfecting Mycobacterium into Established Granulomas Occurs in Mammals and is Independent of the Mycobacterial Erp and ESX-1/RD1 Virulence Loci. J Infect Dis, 198:1851-5.
H. Clay, H.E. Volkman and L. Ramakrishnan. 2008. TNF signaling mediates resistance to mycobacteria by inhibiting bacterial growth and macrophage death but is not required for tuberculous granuloma formation. Immunity 29:283-294.
D.M. Tobin and L. Ramakrishnan. 2008. Comparative pathogenesis of Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell Microbiol 10:1027-1039.
J.M. Davis and L. Ramakrishnan. 2008. "The very pulse of the machine": the tuberculous granuloma in motion. Immunity 28:146-148.
R.E. Lesley and L. Ramakrishnan. 2008. Insights into early mycobacterial pathogenesis from the zebrafish. Curr Opin Microbiol, 11:277-283.
T.P. Stinear, T. Seemann, P.F. Harrison, G.A. Jenkin, J.K. Davies, P.D.R. Johnson, Z. Abdellah, C. Arrowsmith, T. Chillingworth, C. Churcher, K. Clarke, A. Cronin, P. Davis, I. Goodhead N. Holroyd, K. Jagels, A. Lord, S. Moule, K. Mungall, H. Norbertczak, M.A. Quail, E. Rabbinowitsch, D. Walker, B. White, S. Whitehead, P.L.C. Small, R. Brosch, L. Ramakrishnan, M.A. Fischbach, J. Parkhill and S.T. Cole. 2008. Insights from the complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium marinum on the evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Genome Res 18:729-741.
H. Clay, J.M. Davis, D. Beery, A. Huttenlocher, S. E. Lyons and L. Ramakrishnan. 2007. Dichotomous role of the macrophage in early Mycobacterium marinum infection of the zebrafish. Cell Host and Microbe 2:29-39.
L. E. Connolly, P.H. Edelstein and L. Ramakrishnan. 2007. Why is long-term drug treatment needed to cure tuberculosis? PLoS Medicine 4:e120. Research in Translation Article
L.E. Swaim, L.E. Connolly, H.E. Volkman, O. Humbert, D. E. Born, and L. Ramakrishnan. 2006. Mycobacterium marinum infection of adult zebrafish produces caseating granulomatous tuberculosis and is moderated by adaptive immunity. Infect Immun 74:6108-17.
C. L. Cosma, K. Klein, R. Kim, D. Beery, and L. Ramakrishnan. 2006 Mycobacterium marinum Erp is a virulence determinant required for cell wall integrity and intracellular survival. Infect Immun 74:3125-3133.
D. Fredricks and L. Ramakrishnan. 2006. The acetobacteraceae: extending the spectrum of human pathogens. PLoS Pathog 2:e36.
H. Clay and L. Ramakrishnan. 2005. Multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization in zebrafish embryos using tyramide signal amplification. Zebrafish 2:105-111.
H.E. Volkman, H. Clay, D. Beery, J.C Chang, D. R. Sherman, and L. Ramakrishnan. 2004. Tuberculous granuloma formation is enhanced by a mycobacterium virulence determinant. PLoS Biol 2:1946-1956.
C.L. Cosma, O. Humbert, and L. Ramakrishnan. 2004. Superinfecting mycobacteria home to established tuberculous granulomas. Nat Immunol 5:828-35.
T.C. Pozos and L. Ramakrishnan. 2004. New models for the study of Mycobacterium-host interactions. Curr Opin Immunol 16:499-505.
L. Ramakrishnan. 2004. Using Mycobacterium marinum and its hosts to study tuberculosis. CurrScience 86:82-92.
C.L. Cosma, D.R. Sherman and L. Ramakrishnan. 2003. The Secret Lives of the Pathogenic Mycobacteria. Ann Rev Microbiol 57:641-76.
J.M. Davis, H. Clay, J.L. Lewis, N. Ghori, P. Herbomel and L. Ramakrishnan. 2002. Real-time visualization of Mycobacterium-macrophage interactions leading to initiation of granuloma formation in zebrafish embryos. Immunity 17:693-702.
K. Chan, T. Knaak, L. Satkamp, O.Humbert, S. Falkow and L. Ramakrishnan. 2002. Complex pattern of Mycobacterium marinum gene expression during long-term granulomatous infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:3920-3925.
D.M. Bouley, N. Ghori, K.L. Mercer, S. Falkow and L. Ramakrishnan. 2001. The dynamic nature of the host-pathogen interactions in Mycobacterium marinum granulomas. Infect Immun 69: 7820-7831.
L. Ramakrishnan, N. Federspiel and S. Falkow. 2000. Granuloma-specific expression of Mycobacterium virulence proteins from the glycine-rich PE-PGRS family. Science 288:1436-1439.
L. Ramakrishnan, H.T. Tran, N.A. Federspiel and S. Falkow. 1997. A crtB homologue essential for photochromogenicity in Mycobacterium marinum: isolation, characterization and gene disruption via homologous recombination. J Bacteriol 179: 5862-5868.
L. Ramakrishnan. 1997. Mycobacterium marinum infection of the hand. New Engl Jour Med 337:612.
L. Ramakrishnan, R. H. Valdivia, J. McKerrow and S. Falkow. 1997. Mycobacterium marinum causes both long-term subclinical infection and acute disease in the leopard frog (Rana pipiens). Infect Imm 65:767-773.
L. Ramakrishnan and S. Falkow. 1994. Mycobacterium marinum persists in cultured mammalian cells in a temperature-restricted fashion. Infect Immun 62:3222-3229.
P. Small, L. Ramakrishnan and S. Falkow. 1994. Remodeling schemes of intracellular pathogens. Science 263:637-639.
L. Ramakrishnan, Q. Wu, A. Yu, M.D. Cooper and N. Rosenberg. 1990. BP-1/6C3 expression defines a differentiation stage of transformed pre-B cells and is not related to malignant potential. J Immunol 145:1603-1608.
L. Ramakrishnan and N. Rosenberg. 1989. abl genes. Biochem Biophys Acta 989:209-224.
L. Ramakrishnan and N. Rosenberg. 1988. Novel B cell precursors blocked at the stage of DJH recombination. Mol Cell Bio 8: 5216-5223.
Book Chapters:
J.M. Davis and L. Ramakrishnan. 2009. The zebrafish as a model for studying phagocyte-pathogen interactions in vivo. In The multiple faces of the phagocyte. ASM press. Eds. S. Gordon and D. Russell.
C. L. Cosma, J. M. Davis, L. E. Swaim, H. Volkman, and L. Ramakrishnan. 2006. Zebrafish and Frog Models of Mycobacterium marinum Infection. Curr Prot Microbiol, 10B.2.1-10B.2.33. John Wiley and Sons Inc.
R.H. Valdivia and L. Ramakrishnan. 2000. Applications of GFP gene fusions and flow cytometry to the study of bacterial gene expression in host cells. In Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Eds. J.N. Abelson, S.D. Emr and J. Thorner. 326, 47-73.
L. Ramakrishnan and S. Falkow. 1999 Pathogen strategies: A hitchhiker’s guide to the macrophage. In Advances in Cell and Molecular Biology of Membranes and Organelles. Vol. 6, pp 1-25. Ed. S. Gordon, JAI Press Inc. Greenich CT.
