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The Garden Against Time : In Search of a Common Paradise

The Garden Against Time offers pleasures on multiple fronts. Olivia Laing weaves together elegantly a narrative of reviving her English garden originally designed by Mark Rumary, a well-known landscape designer; numerous accounts of other gardens and gardeners, some literary and some real; and a thread of deep searching into the exclusion underlying nearly all these gardens.

Although Laing had yearned for a garden of her own since early childhood, she was in her forties when she and her husband Ian found the right neglected garden to restore – in January 2020. It was only a third of an acre, “so cunningly divided that you could never see the entirety at once . . .” (p. 5). Then came Covid, and everything shut down. Three million people in Britain began gardening, and Olivia and Ian moved into their new home in August.

Preparing the soil with huge amounts of manure, waiting impatiently for a year to see which of Rumary’s original plants had survived, then laboring many months to put her plans in place – the story makes one ache in sympathy but feel inspired as well.

The other gardens in the book begin with Eden in John Milton’s “Paradise Lost,” and the poems of John Clare bewailing the enclosure of once public land. They include real English and Italian gardeners and gardens, especially Shrubland Hall.

William Morris receives much attention. One of this book’s great pleasures is Laing’s writing style. Her description of Morris shows that style nicely: “It’s true he was a dynamo, a spinning top, who compulsively taught himself to master a dozen crafts, who could weave a tapestry and dye a chintz, embroider a wall-hanging, construct a stained-glass window, write a poem (often on a bus and often too at the astounding rate of a thousand lines a day), illuminate a manuscript, bind and print a book, perhaps translating Homer or Virgil as an evening’s respite from the more exacting work” (p. 161). This book could be used in advanced writing classes as an example of how to play with the English language as if it were a musical instrument.

The subtitle, “In Search of a Common Paradise,” refers to the book’s underlying theme of unease about the unsavory underpinnings of many gardens – certainly all those Laing visits in this book. Do only rich people get to have gardens? Why can’t everyone have access to that soul satisfying pleasure Laing found in hers? Her research led to the slave trade behind Shrubland Hall’s wealth. On the other hand, Morris hoped for the opposite, a utopia where gardens (and all properties) are held in common.

Instead, Laing opts for a combination of public and private ownership: “We need gardens and the life they support established everywhere, if we are to survive” (p. 284). We do.

Many additional delicious nooks and crannies await the reader of “Gardens Against Time.” Run, do not walk, to the nearest library (ours). Don’t miss this book.

Reviews by Priscilla Grundy in The Leaflet, Volume 11, Issue 11, November 2024.

Becoming a Gardener

First off, this book is a feast for the eyes. Big glossy photographs of Marron’s garden are combined with charming gouaches from the Copenhagen collective studio All the Way to Paris, plus an array of painting reproductions ranging from Beatrix Potter to Cy Twombly. The visual experience is rich.

Marron, with a background of success in business and journalism, assigned herself the task of learning to garden in eighteen months. She and her husband had bought a house in Connecticut, but she needed to put down literal as well as figurative roots to feel she belonged to this land. This book is an account of that journey.

An impressive amount of gardening research preceded and intertwined with the development of the garden itself. Marron includes memories of gardens in children’s books like “The Secret Garden” and the visit to the Luxembourg Garden in “Madeline.” As she read classic gardening books, she learned there are many kinds of gardeners, and they all have strong opinions, often differing with each other. From Alexander Pope’s idea of a “spirit of the place” she learned that she wanted her garden to echo its own surroundings. And after reading about famed gardens and recalling those she had visited, she realized she had to build something smaller and simpler than any of them.

In her learning process, Marron watched carefully to see how even cut flowers changed over a few days. She put aside her conviction that she did not have a green thumb and sought out hands-on mentors, who taught her what to do and that persistence and hard work can lead to gardening success for anyone. With a landscape architect she developed a plan and turned a 48 x 54-foot space into a walled garden.

One notable discovery from her research was that gardeners make mistakes, learn to accept them, and start over.  She describes several of those she made, seeing them as part of the learning process.

In the section on “Building My Garden” Marron describes working to create a garden that fit her goal of relative simplicity and comfort in its surroundings. She struggled with fencing, replacing one design that turned out to look like “a corral fence from the Wild West” with a more pleasing one. She developed a layout with rectangular beds and wide paths. She spent many hours choosing flowers and vegetables and then deciding where to plant them. She considered color and scent, even choosing to paint cold frames “a happy yellow” and the door frames of the garage bay “bright grass green,” the same green Monet used for his own door and window frames.

In the middle of the project Marron’s husband died. Grieving, she came to learn how digging in the dirt can help heal pain. She describes five kinds of gardeners: “scene setters, plantspeople, colorists, collectors, and dirt gardeners” (p. 78). Dirt gardening was her choice. As she returned to dig in the garden after her loss, she felt connected to soil and roots.

At the back of the book Marron includes a list of “Literary Mentors in the Garden,” with a paragraph about each. A page of “Recommended Reading and Viewing” and a very thorough bibliography provide further research opportunities for those who aspire to the title of “gardener.” For herself, Marron still considers herself an “urban dweller,” but she attests to the power of her gardening project to make a major difference in her life.

Reviewed by Priscilla Grundy for The Leaflet, Volume 9, Issue 12 (December 2022).

A Beautiful Obsession

I was fortunate to hear Jimi Blake speak at the virtual annual meeting of the Hardy Plant Society of Oregon in November 2021.  He radiates enthusiasm for garden plants of all kinds, especially ones newly available to keen gardeners, expressed in a lovely, Irish lilt.

Much of that energy, if not the lilt, is captured in a new book, “A Beautiful Obsession” written with Noel Kingsbury and focused on Blake’s Hunting Brook Garden near the Wicklow Mountains south of Dublin.  This is not one of the Irish gardens with a favored, western exposure to the Gulf Stream.  Instead, it is at a thousand feet elevation with acidic clay, making its limits for plant hardiness similar to many Seattle area gardens.

This is a very personal space.  One of his garden areas is named in memory of a former partner.  Another after a long-lived canine companion.

Blake’s story is compelling.  The youngest child of a large family growing up on a farm, he learned gardening at an early age, greatly influenced by his mother and older siblings.  After formal training and a long apprenticeship at an estate farm, he took over a portion of the family property to create Hunting Brook.

From the beginning this was intended as teaching garden.  A classroom was built into the new house and courses are taught almost year-round.  Teaching about gardening, providing space for retreats, including young people in recovery from drug and alcohol problems in Dublin.

It is also a very kinetic space, as Blake is frequently swapping out old plants for new, and bringing tender plants out of protection every May, only to be returned in October.

Kingsbury acts as the observer as they walk together through the garden, often quoting Blake’s comments about the plants, why they were chosen, which ones may soon be removed.  It is not as polished as many books about a collector’s garden, but I liked that informal quality, making reading as much fun as admiring the vivid photographs.

Readers of “Gardens Illustrated” magazine have appreciated Blake’s seasonal selection of plants over 2021.  A plant directory in the book provides a similar sampling of his personal style.  For example Red Tussock Grass (Chionochloa rubra), native to New Zealand: “I know I use the word ‘favourite’ a lot, but this is my favourite grass.  I was delighted to find hillsides of it in New Zealand with sheep grazing through it.”

Published in Garden Notes: Northwest Horticultural Society, Spring 2022

Fearless Gardening: Be Bold, Break the Rules, Grow What You Love

“Gardening is not a straight line.  There are many detours along the way, and thankfully, you never actually arrive at the finish.”  This is a motto of Loree Bohl, a Portland gardener and author of “Fearless Gardening.”

 

Bohl’s garden typifies this thinking with many, quite non-traditional plants for a Pacific Northwest garden.  She is not afraid to try new things and regards the failures as lessons to be learned, and perhaps to be tried again.  It might work this time!

 

Among her favorite plants are Agave, Yucca, and Opuntia.  She is another big advocate for using pots: on the ground, amongst the garden plantings, and hanging off walls or the rafters of a covered, outdoor seating area.

 

She credits her inspiration in part to two noteworthy and innovative West Coast, women gardeners of the past: Ruth Bancroft, who lived to be 109, and Ganna Walska, who lived to be 96.  Each crafted gardens very unlike their neighbors, starting at an age when many would be beyond new projects.  They are models of how the creative energy of gardening can lead to a long and happy life.

 

Bohl also profiles several Washington and Oregon gardens that have stretched the plant palette.  These include the McMenamins Anderson School garden in Bothell, the Point Defiance Zoo garden in Tacoma, and the Amazon Spheres in Seattle.

 

Her own garden is another fine example.  I was part of a tour led by the Northwest Horticultural Society in 2017 to Portland area gardens that included hers.  In an essay titled “Successful Gardeners Kill Plants and So Will You,” she describes how the day before we arrived, despite it being late July, a large, established Grevillea victoriae ‘Murray Queen’ suddenly died.  She was horrified, but what could she do.  For us visitors, committed gardeners all, it was an excellent lesson and opportunity to commiserate.

 

Excerpted from the Spring 2021 issue of the Arboretum Bulletin

Information on garden designers

Where can I get information about garden designers? I am more interested in designers than landscape architects.

 

Some sources of information and contacts for garden design are

Plant Amnesty’s Referral Service

Association of Professional Landscape Designers (look for APLD Chapters and then choose from the list of states/regions)

Edmonds Community College graduates in Horticulture are sometimes featured on the program’s Home page when they start businesses. You might also contact the department and see if they have information about garden designers.

Spirit of Place: The Making of a New England Garden

[Spirit of Place] cover

Why did the Miller Library add a new book about a private garden in Vermont? Partly because the author and garden creator, Bill Noble, has several connections to the Pacific Northwest. However, I primarily recommend this book as an engaging memoir.

Spirit of Place: The Making of a New England Garden is Noble’s almost 30-year story of the property he and his partner, James Tatum, own in the Connecticut River Valley. This was not a new garden; the previous owners had formed its design for 60 years.

The challenge that the author faced was retaining the garden’s historical character while shaping his own vision. “Much of what gardening is about is the feeling of being connected to a place, fostering a sense of belonging, and becoming familiar with the natural rhythms and cycles of a particular piece of the earth.”

Many famous gardens and their designers in North America and Europe influenced the author, including the artists of the nearby Cornish Art Colony. However, his long-time role as director of preservation for the Garden Conservancy had the biggest impact. This included his work with the Chase Garden in Orting, Washington.

He credits Ione Chase with helping him to understand the value of designing a garden to incorporate its view: Mount Rainier in her case, the foothills of the White Mountains of New Hampshire in his garden. She also taught him the value of using familiar or common plants “to created refined garden beauty.”

Plants in Noble’s garden include a blue willow (Salix irrorata) he discovered in the Witt Winter Garden at the Washington Park Arboretum, and Berberis × ottawensis ‘Royal Cloak’ found at the Bellevue Botanical Garden. Three plants of the latter came home in his carry-on luggage and are now “part of the garden’s backbone.” Heronswood and Forestfarm (Williams, Oregon) Nurseries were important sources for other plants.

Vermont has long and cold (USDA zone 4b) winters with snow often lasting well into April. While Seattle is much milder, this is the perfect book to read for inspiration while staying out of the grey and gloom of our winter!

Published in The Leaflet, December 2020, Vol. 7, Issue 12.

Japanese Garden Design

Marc Peter Keane has published several books based on his landscape architecture degree from Cornell University and the 18 years he spent in Kyoto designing gardens.  “Japanese Garden Design,” his earliest, has stood the test of time.

The first section is a well-illustrated introduction to broad concepts such as Zen gardens, tea gardens, and stroll gardens.  The author emphasizes the context that led garden designers to create these “new forms of gardens and, more importantly, new ways of perceiving what a garden is” (author’s emphasis).

The final third of the book is about design: the principles, techniques, and elements.  I wouldn’t recommend relying on this book for developing your own garden but rather for understanding the intentions of the creators of established gardens.  In those intentions, Keane sees a myriad of perceptions, including the garden “as a living entity with a spirit, or by perceiving the garden as a painting, an object of contemplation, a spiritual passageway, or as a work of religious art.”

 

Excerpted from the Summer 2020 issue of the Arboretum Bulletin

The New Zen Garden: Designing Quiet Spaces

For designing your own space in a Japanese style, consider “The New Zen Garden” by Joseph Cali, an American who lived many years in Japan, using his education as an interior designer.  In this book, he urges his readers to treat the garden as an extension of the home’s indoor space, and is very practical and systematic in his advice.

For expertise in specific elements of the garden, Cali includes tutorials by Japanese landscape architects, artisans, and garden designers.  Topics include lighting, building walkways and walls in traditional styles, and even how to arrange a dry waterfall.

 

 

Excerpted from the Summer 2020 issue of the Arboretum Bulletin

 

gardening with children and children’s gardens

I am interested in information about gardening with children and gardens designed for children. Can you recommend some relevant web sites and articles?

 

Below are some useful web sites about children’s gardens. They include actual children’s garden web sites which may have garden maps or plans as well as information about how the garden was designed, and horticulture sites with information about gardening with children.

The Edible Schoolyard Project

Magnuson Park Children’s Garden

kinderGarden

 

The Helen & Peter Bing Children’s Garden

Children’s Garden at the Morton Arboretum

The Midway Plaisance Children’s Garden

Ithaca Children’s Garden

Each year, the National Children & Youth Garden Symposium, takes place at varying locations.

You may wish to visit the Miller Library and search the Garden Literature Index, which has an article about past years’ symposia (see abstract here: 2006 Youth Garden Symposium. Robbins, Heather American Gardener; Sep/Oct2006, Vol. 85 Issue 5, p12-15
The article presents the highlights of the 2006 annual American Horticultural Society’s National Children & Youth Garden Symposium held in Saint Louis, Missouri. It cites the implications of the high number of participants in the event. The issues discussed at the educational sessions in the symposium include building children’s gardens and community gardening. Attendees were given the opportunity to explore the Missouri Botanical Garden, the event’s host garden.)

Below is just a sampling of other articles from the “children’s gardens” search results:

1. Gardening on the curriculum? Why not? By: West, Cleve. Garden, Jan2007, Vol. 132 Issue 1, p13-13, 1/2p; (AN 23649207)

2. Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden. By: Day, Susan. Birds & Blooms, Oct/Nov2006, Vol. 12 Issue 5, p54-55, 2p, 1 map, 4c; (AN 22575160)

3. SCAPE’S GARDEN OF DISCOVERY. HD: Hospital Development, Mar2006, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p6-6, 1/4p; (AN 20303088)

4. The Best Backyard In The World. By: McGuire, Leslie. Landscape Architect & Specifier News, Mar2006, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p58-65, 8p, 1 map, 8c; (AN 20532564)

5. THE ACTIVITY MATRIX. Landscape Architect & Specifier News, Mar2006, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p60-63, 4p, 8c; (AN 20532565)

6. Children’s Garden Consultants: A New Model of Engaging Youth to Inform Garden Design and Programming. By: Lekies, Kristi S.; Eames-Sheavly, Marcia; Wong, Kimberly J.; Ceccarini, Anne. HortTechnology, Jan-Mar2006, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p139-142, 4p, 2 charts; (AN 20620955)

7. Duke Garden. By: Stewart, Joann. Daylily Journal, Winter2005, Vol. 60 Issue 4, p414-415, 2p, 4c; (AN 19479979)

8. Cultivating gardeners. By: Benson, Sally D.. American Nurseryman, 9/1/2005, Vol. 202 Issue 5, p4-4, 2/3p; (AN 18031480)

9. Fall for Fun: New Children’s Garden. By: Sherman, Marilyn. Chicagoland Gardening, Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 11 Issue 5, p78-79, 2p; (AN 18096223)

10. Kid’s paradise. By: Patrick, John. Gardening Australia, Apr2005, p22-26, 5p, 9c; (AN 16593169)

There are also articles available in landscape architecture and urban planning publications which we do not have in our library, but which you might find at the University of Washington Libraries. I searched the Avery Index to Periodicals and came up with quite a few potentially useful results. Here are some examples:

Child’s play: the Ian Potter Foundation Children’s Garden is a new component of the very successful observatory precinct at the Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne [Australia] / Bruce Echberg. :photos., site plans. Landscape architecture Australia 2006 Nov., n.112, p. 49-52, ISSN 1833-4814.

Footprints of school gardens in Sweden / Petter kerblom. photos., drawings, plans, site plans. Garden history 2004 Winter, v.32, n.2, p.[229]-247, ISSN 0307-1243.

We also have many books available here at the Miller Library on gardens for children. Our annotated booklist (154 pages)may be of interest.

plants for full sun that provide a lush year-round garden

I have an asymmetrical flower bed in front of my house. It faces southeast and the house is white, with reflection of light. I purchase plants for full sun but they tend to get fried. I am interested in finding perennials to provide interest 12 months of the year. I prefer shrubs with a variety of texture. Plants that attract butterflies would be nice, and any grasses that are known not to grow out of control. What plants do you recommend that would give me a lush, year-round garden?

You may want to plant a mixture of perennials and shrubs, particularly those which tolerate bright light. An excellent book full of lists of plants is Ray and Jan McNeilan’s Pacific Northwest Gardener’s Book of Lists (1997). This book includes lists such as Shrubs for Interest in Each Season (pp.62-64), and Herbaceous Perennials for Full Sun All Day (pp.138-139).

I think you may find many of the other lists in this book valuable as you design your flower beds.

The Great Plant Picks website has lists of many different plants that do well in Northwest gardens, including pictures and descriptions.

There are quite a few books which address the issue of providing year-round color and interest in the garden, such as Adrian Bloom’s Year-Round Garden: Colour in Your Garden from January to December (Timber Press, 1998) and his Bloom’s Best Perennials and Grasses : Expert Plant Choices and Dramatic Combinations for Year-Round Gardens (Timber Press, 2010). The Miller Library also has booklists on topics like Winter Gardening and Perennials which may be of use to you.

And, here is an article entitled “Create a Butterfly Garden” (S. Lamb et al., January 2002) from Oregon State University.

Visiting local gardens throughout the year and noting the plants that appear to be thriving may help, and a trip to your local nursery can give you lots of ideas and information. The Center for Urban Horticulture and the Washington Park Arboretum both feature seasonal plant highlights.