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Topic: Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting
May 14, 2020
Outbreak of Kawasaki Disease in Children during COVID-19 Pandemic a Prospective Observational Study in Paris France
There is an outbreak of a pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome, which resembles Kawasaki disease, among children in Paris, France that may be related to SARS-CoV-2. A total of 17 children were admitted to a university hospital in Paris with symptoms similar to Kawasaki disease over an 11-day period (April 27 to May 7, 2020). This is compared to a mean of 1.0 case per 2-week…
May 13, 2020
Manifestations and Prognosis of Gastrointestinal and Liver Involvement in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mao et al. conducted a meta-analysis of 35 studies, including 6,686 patients with COVID-19, to estimate the effects of COVID-19 on the digestive system. The pooled prevalence of digestive symptoms (29 studies, n=6064) was 15% (IQR 10–21) with nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite being the three most common symptoms. The pooled prevalence of abnormal liver…
COVID‐19 and the Cerebro‐Cardiovascular Systems: What Do We Know so Far?
SARS‐CoV‐2 has high‐affinity for the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is highly concentrated in the lungs and cardiovascular tissue, showing a potential mechanism for cardiovascular involvement in COVID‐19 cases. This literature review of COVID‐19 and cardiovascular system involvement found evidence of pre‐existing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease is a risk‐factor for severe infection. COVID‐19 patients may be more likely to experience acute…
May 12, 2020
Characteristics and Outcomes of Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Admitted to US and Canadian Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Shekerdemian et al. conducted a descriptive study among children with COVID-19 admitted to 46 PICUs in North America between mid-March and early April, 2020 (N=48). They found mean age was 13, 83% had significant pre-existing comorbidities, 38% required invasive ventilation, and 23% had failure of 2 or more organ systems. While 4% had died at the time the study concluded, 15 patients (31%) remained hospitalized and…
Development and External Validation of a Prognostic Tool for COVID-19 Critical Disease
Tools to predict COVID-19 severity will assist in management of critical care capacity and enable earlier targeted interventions to improve outcomes. These authors created a web-based tool for their prognostic model, which defined critical disease as ICU admission, ventilation, or death. They fit the model to patients presenting to UC Irvine, and validated on patients presenting to Emory Healthcare. Covariates included comorbidities,…
CT Scans Obtained for Nonpulmonary Indications: Associated Respiratory Findings of COVID-19
As non-pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 are being increasingly recognized, Hossain et al. evaluated the extent to which non-chest (abdomen/pelvis or cervical spine/neck) CT scans in patients with gastrointestinal or neurological symptoms detected findings highly suspicious for pulmonary COVID-19. Among 62 patients with suspected COVID-19 on presentation, non-chest CT findings provided the initial evidence of COVID-19 related pneumonia in 52%…
Rapid Isolation of Potent SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies and Protection in a Small Animal Model
Rogers et al. screened over 1,000 antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 using serum from a cohort of recovered patients and an animal model (Syrian hamsters). They report multiple highly potent neutralizing antibodies, and demonstrate that passive transfer of these antibodies provides protection against a high dose viral challenge, suggesting potential for both prevention and treatment of COVID-19….
May 11, 2020
Prolonged Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Body Fluids
Sun et al prospectively assessed 49 coronavirus disease cases in Guangdong, China, to estimate the frequency and duration of detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human body fluids. The estimated time to clearance of viral RNA ranged from 45.6 days for nasopharyngeal swab to 46.3 days for feces samples in mild cases; and from 48.9 days for nasopharyngeal swab samples to…
Liver Injury Is Associated with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Retrospective Studies
A meta-analysis of retrospective studies summarized available findings on the association between liver injury and severity of COVID-19 infection. In total, 20 retrospective studies with 3,428 COVID-19 infected patients (severe cases = 1,455 and mild cases = 1,973), were included. The incidence of liver injury, as assessed by serum analysis (AST, ALT, total Bilirubin and Albumin levels), seems to…
Prevalence and Duration of Acute Loss of Smell or Taste in COVID-19 Patients
Lee et al. determined the prevalence of acute loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia) among 3,191 patients awaiting hospitalization for COVID-19 in Korea. The presence of acute anosmia or ageusia was observed in 15.3% (488/3,191) patients in the early stage of COVID-19 and in 16% (367/2,342) patients with asymptomatic-to-mild disease severity. The prevalence was higher among females (17%…
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