Below is a chronological database of nearly 100 campaigns, strikes, and IWW related events as recorded in the pages of Solidarity, the weekly IWW newspaper during 1915.
Arrests and trials dominated headlines in Solidarity throughout the year. In the winter months, the organization continued efforts to revive membership among the silk workers of Patterson New Jersey, and supported a two-week-long strike of Philadelphia street car workers that came to an inconclusive close. In April, the IWW launched the Agricultural Workers Organization (AWO) at a conference in Kansas City. Meanwhile Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, the IWW's most effective orator, set off on a cross-country speaking tour.
Free speech campaigns continued, notably in Sioux City, Iowa and Redding, California, where Wobblies endured mass arrests and crowded jails but were ultimately able to claim victories. In Redding, IWW members held in jail were released after the organization announced 1000 workers planned to flood the town in protest.
Summer saw more strike activity. Solidarity reported strikes by longshoremen in the New York area and Chicago transit workers without clarifying the role that IWWs played in those actions. Building the AWO and preparing for the wheat harvests across the Great Plains was a major focus of the organization. In October, Solidarity reported hundreds of new members joining the AWO. Agricultural worker campaigns in California were also reported.
Meanwhile Joe Hill's death sentence appeal was followed closely in each issue, continuing after his execution by firing squad in Salt Lake City on November 19, 1915.
In California, Wobblies organized protests against the harsh sentences imposed on Richard Ford and Herman Suhr, sentenced to life in prison for their role in the 1913 Wheatland Hop riot.
Date | Title | Place | State | Description |
1/14/1915 | Sioux City Starts Free Speech Fight | Sioux City | IA | Police raided the Sioux City IWW Hall on numerous occasions and arrested all unemployed workers, leading to sixth month sentences in jail. |
1/15/1915 | N.Y. Unemployed Listen to IWW | Manhattan | NY | A mass meeting regarding unemployment drew hundreds and packed the Manhattan Lyceum. |
1/16/1915 | Brooklyn Mass Meeting | Brooklyn | NY | Mass meeting held in response to "long hours, irregular employment and unemploying." Speakers included Joseph Ettor and Elizabeth Gurley Flynn. |
1/16/1915 | Four IWWs Dine Then Ride "Home" | St. Louis | MO | Four Wobblies, in protest of only being fed 'municipal soup' ate a hearty supper amounting to $1.50 and asked the waitress to put it on the mayor's tab, claiming they were old friends. |
1/18/1915 | Rowan and Baret Freed | Edmonton | Alberta | IWW members James Rowan and W. E. Baret freed after awaiting trial for six months in jail on charges of murder. |
1/19/1915 | "Treason" Charge Against Ettor | Bellaire | OH | Joseph J. Ettor, prominent public face of the IWW, was arrested on charges of treason for advertising an anti-capitalist speech. |
1/24/1915 | N/A | Detroit | MI | IWW member Jack Leheney held a speech on "Labor Organization and the War" at Social Turner Hall. |
1/27/1915 | Paterson IWW Still on Deck | Paterson | NJ | Paterson IWW Unemployment League held two mass large meeting for Paterson's out-of-work with speeches by Elizabeth Gurley Flynn and others. |
1/27/1915 | Transport Workers Strike in Philadelphia | Philadelphia | PA | IWW-organized strike demanding 60 cents per hour, time-and-a-half for overtime, and double-time for Sundays and holidays. The bosses and workingmen agree to second and last terms, but lower the first to 40 cents per hour. Charles Taylor ,one boss, refuses the agreement and turns to non-unionized workers to maintain the low wages of his employees. |
1/30/1915 | Sioux City Wins Free Speech Fight | Sioux City | IA | The city lifted its ban on the public speech of Wobblies and released all those arrested for vagrancy. |
2/11/1915 | Philadelphia Strike Off | Philadelphia | PA | MTW called off their strike against Charles M. Taylor, who in turn allowed the former strikers to return to their jobs. |
2/12/1915 | IWW to Entertain in Seattle | Seattle | WA | Seattle IWW held a benefit for the organization at their downtown headquarters with entertainment, food, beer, and tobacco. |
2/14/1915 | Direct Actions Wins at Redding, California | Redding | CA | IWW members held in jail were released after the organization announced 1000 workers planned to flood the town in protest. |
2/15/1915 | New York Charity Slaves Strike | New York | NY | Following the advice of the IWW Unemployed Committee, workers tasked with sorting through donated clothing and affiliated jobs strike in demand of a 15 cent wage increase, 8 hour days, and stricter safety and sanitation regulation |
2/21/1915 | Conditions in Little Rhody | Providence | RI | Local 530 held a benefit smoker for IWW newspapers. |
2/25/1915 | Calif. Governor Exposes Hand | Sacramento | CA | Gov. Hiram Johnson met with labor leaders to discuss the possibility of pardoning Ford and Suhr. |
2/27/1915 | Flynn Meetings in Providence | Providence | RI | Despite bosses threatening to fire any workers to attend IWW meetings, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn spoke to crowds of people at three separate events. |
3/3/1915 | More Plans for Harvest Organization | Minneapolis | MN | A local of the IWW held a special meeting and passed new rules and suggestions for locals, including a more efficient and robust data system, more agitation on the job, and to concentrate their forces in Kansas or Oklahoma. |
3/6/1915 | Ford and Suhr Case Up to Governor of California | San Francisco | CA | In support of Ford and Suhr, whose verdict will depend on decisions of Governor Johnson, the IWW call for a boycott of all fruit canners, hop fields, and ranching in California. |
3/6/1915 | Some Notes from Salt Lake City | Salt Lake City | UT | Wobbly arrested for using vulgarities at a meeting and later released. |
3/9/1915 | Tannenbaum Released from New York Prison | New York | NY | Frank Tannenbaum released from prison after serving a year for inciting a riot is greeted with celebrations arranged by the IWW and other New York radical groups. |
3/12/1915 | Tannenbaum Released from New York Prison | New York | NY | A crowd of over two thousand gathered to hear speeches by Tannenbaum and others in an unemployment meeting arranged by the IWW. |
3/25/1915 | Kangaroo Court of Sioux City | Sioux City | IA | One Wobbly arrested on charges of burglary. Thirteen others followed him and the police to the jail, leading to their arrests. Twelve of those sentenced to thirty days in jail and a $100 fine. |
3/25/1915 | Boyd Repudiates Sabotage Speech | Trenton | NJ | Frederick Sumner Boyd, IWW member convicted of advocating radical views, renounces those in a petition for clemency. The petition is accompanied by a statement urging the court to grant it signed by Theodore Roosevelt and others. |
4/3/1915 | Jewish IWW Paper | New York | NY | Jewish branch of New York local voted to start "Der Vacker," a weekly publication similar to Solidarity. |
4/16/1915 | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Lectures | Chicago | IL | Topic: "Small Families a Proletarian Necessity" |
4/16/1915 | Report of the Proceedings of the Harvest Convection | Kansas City | MO | A conference attended by delegates from locals across the country voted to create the Agricultural Workers' Organization of the IWW, which would include locals whose members work in agriculture in the US and Canada. |
4/17/1915 | On with the Fight! | Sioux City | IA | Thirty more men arrested while speaking in public and sentences to at least thirty days and a $100 fine. The local jail was then holding 49 Wobblies. |
4/18/1915 | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Lectures | Chicago | IL | Topic: "Violence and the Labor Movement" |
4/19/1915 | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Lectures | Chicago | IL | Topic: "Solidarity -- Labor's Road to Freedom" |
4/20/1915 | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Lectures | Kensington | IL | Topic: "The Revolutionary IWW Its Aims Tactics, and History" |
4/24/1915 | IWW's Battle Bulls in Sioux City | Sioux City | IA | The 82 IWW men in jail held a series of protests to their incarceration, including refusing to work on the rock pile, hunger strikes, and the burning of blankets so they could address the crowd that gathered when the firemen arrived. After a fight between the security and those in jail, the mayor offered their freedom if they never returned to Sioux City. The Wobblies refused his offer. |
4/24/1915 | Detroit Bosses Afraid of IWW | Detroit | MI | Some IWW arrested in response to advertising the Elizabeth Gurley Flynn lecture in town and held only until the meeting was over. |
4/24/1915 | Sioux City Fight Won. | Sioux City | IA | All IWW members held in jail were released. |
4/25/1915 | E. G. Flynn Lectures | Rockford | IL | |
4/26/1915 | Boyd Denied Pardon | Trenton | NJ | Frederick S. Boyd, IWW who is serving 1 to 7 years for of advocating sabotage, was denied pardon. |
4/27/1915 | E. G. Flynn Lectures | St. Louis | MO | |
4/28/1915 | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Lectures | Kansas City | MO | Topic: "Solidarity -- Labor's Road to Freedom" |
4/29/1915 | E. G. Flynn Lectures | Fort Scott | KS | |
4/30/1915 | E. G. Flynn Lectures | Sioux City | IA | |
5/1/1915 | Ettor Meetings in Providence | Providence | RI | Ettor held speeches for two large crows of textile workers addressing the idea of the power in the working class. |
5/2/1915 | E. G. Flynn Lectures | Denver | CO | |
5/2/1915 | Joe Hill Defense | Salt Lake City | UT | Joe Hill's appeal for a new trial in hopes of overturning his death sentence to be heard by the Supreme Court. |
5/2/1915 | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Lectures | Denver | CO | Topic: "War - Can Labor be Neutral?" |
5/3/1915 | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Lectures | Louisville | CO | Topic: "Solidarity -- Labor's Road to Freedom." |
5/5/1915 | E. G. Flynn Lectures | Salt Lake City | UT | |
5/8/1915 | Farm Hands Strike | Indianapolis | IN | 100 Polish farm hands strike for the ten hour day instead of the typical eleven. Not specified as an IWW strike. |
5/8/1915 | Two Strikes in Brooklyn | Brooklyn | NY | 800 Longshoremen go on strike. Not specified as an IWW strike. |
5/9/1915 | E. G. Flynn Lectures | Los Angeles | CA | |
5/10/1915 | E. G. Flynn Lectures | Fresno | CA | |
5/10/1915 | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Lectures | Fresno | CA | Topic: "Solidarity -- Labor's Road to Freedom." |
5/11/1915 | E. G. Flynn Lectures | Stockton | CA | |
5/12/1915 | E. G. Flynn Lectures | Sacramento | CA | |
5/13/1915 | E. G. Flynn Lectures | Oakland | CA | |
5/14/1915 | E. G. Flynn Lectures | San Francisco | CA | |
5/14/1915 | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Lectures | Oakland | CA | Topic: "Small Families -- A Working Class Necessity" |
5/20/1915 | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Lectures | Portland | OR | |
5/21/1915 | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Lectures | Portland | OR | |
5/22/1915 | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Lectures | Tacoma | WA | Topic: "Unemployment -- A Menace to Society" |
5/23/1915 | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Lectures | Seattle | WA | Topic: "Solidarity -- Labor's Road to Freedom." and "The Revolutionary IWW Its Aims Tactics, and History" |
5/29/1915 | Some IWW Experiences in Imperial Valley | Brawley | CA | After the constable of Brawley was killed, police arrested everyone in the town's IWW headquarters and made them choose between 60 days on the chain gang or leaving town. Another member, Smith, was arrested and given 30 days on the chain gang, who refused to work and was thus beaten. Charges were brought up against the marshal who beat Smith. His attorney guaranteed the release of Smith if the charges against the marshal were dropped. The prosecutors agreed to that exchange |
6/5/1915 | Harvesters Defy Police | Wichita | KS | Migrant workers from the East looking for work but unable to find it storm freight trains in groups of fifty to sixty and refuse to pay. None arrested. |
6/12/1915 | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Lectures | Minneapolis | MN | Topic: "Solidarity -- Labor's Road to Freedom." |
6/13/1915 | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Lectures | Minneapolis | MN | Topic: "The Revolutionary IWW Its Aims Tactics, and History" |
6/16/1915 | The Chicago Street Car Strike | Chicago | IL | Strike of 14000 street car workers in settlement with the mayor. Not specified as an IWW strike. |
6/26/1915 | IWW Should Enforce Demands | Various | Harvest Belt | AWO of IWW recommends harvest workers demand minimum of $3.00 per a 10-hour day, fifty cents per hour overtime, clean room and board, and no favoring non-unionized workers. |
7/3/1915 | Repressive Tactics Against IWW in Harvest | Various | Harvest Belt | Rock Island Railroad ordered brakemen to ban IWW members from riding, leading to injuries and at least one death by beating. |
7/9/1915 | Speaking Dates for J.J. Ettor | Dorchester | MA | J.T. Ettor speech. |
7/10/1915 | Speaking Dates for J.J. Ettor | Stafford Spring | CT | J.T. Ettor speech. |
7/10/1915 | Harvesting Harvesters | Arlington | KS | Four Wobblies arrested and convicted of illegally riding a freight train and sentenced to thirty days in jail and a fine of $10. |
7/12/1915 | Speaking Dates for J.J. Ettor | Fitchburg | MA | J.T. Ettor speech. |
7/13/1915 | Speaking Dates for J.J. Ettor | Holyoke | MA | J.T. Ettor speech. |
7/15/1915 | Speaking Dates for J.J. Ettor | Springfield | MA | J.T. Ettor speech. |
7/18/1915 | Speaking Dates for J.J. Ettor | Torington | CT | J.T. Ettor speech. |
7/19/1915 | Speaking Dates for J.J. Ettor | Boston | MA | J.T. Ettor speech. |
7/24/1915 | Speaking Dates for J.J. Ettor | Bridgement | MA | J.T. Ettor speech. |
7/25/1915 | Important Meeting of A.W.O. | Kansas City | MO | Newly-forced A. W. O. Local 400, IWW held a meeting to vote for officers and discuss the situation in the harvest belt. |
7/26/1915 | Speaking Dates for J.J. Ettor | North Plymouth | MA | J.T. Ettor speech. |
7/27/1915 | Speaking Dates for J.J. Ettor | Lowell | MA | J.T. Ettor speech. |
7/29/1915 | Speaking Dates for J.J. Ettor | Fall River | MA | J.T. Ettor speech. |
7/31/1915 | Lessons Gleaned From the Kansas Harvest | KS, OK | More than 100 Wobblies arrested, most being released shortly thereafter, but some sentenced to up to 60 days in jail. | |
8/1/1915 | Frisco Adopts Strong Resolution on Hill Case | San Francisco | CA | Mass meeting for Joe Hill raised $32 for his defense. |
8/7/1915 | "Der Wecker" Suspends | New York | NY | Der Wecker, Jewish IWW weekly, halted publication due to lack of support, but planned on starting publication again in the fall. |
8/14/1915 | Cut Train in Two So All Can One | Sioux City | IA | Wobblies bound for the harvest in the Dakotas try board a freight train, but only a few succeed due to its speed, so the riders remove a pin from the knuckle separating the train and allowing their comrades to get on. |
8/21/1915 | Defensive Action for Calif. Prisoners | San Francisco | CA | Fundraiser held for the benefit of Ford and Suhr. |
8/21/1915 | United Action Brings Results | Oakes | ND | The Oakes chief of police, mayor, sheriff, and others enter a camp with a hundred workers as they are cooking breakfast. Though some workers fled, about 25 Wobblies stood up to the law enforcement and were allowed to continue their meal. |
8/21/1915 | Flood Governor with Petitions | Salt Lake City | UT | Members of the IWW and other radical groups sent William Spry, governor of Utah, over 300 letters protesting the decision to execute Joe Hill. |
8/21/1915 | Defensive Action for Calif. Prisoners | San Francisco | CA | IWW members in California used "the wooden shoe" to protest the detention of Ford and Suhr. The governor, in response to their action, decided he would not act on the matter until the sabotage stopped. |
8/28/1915 | Good Work of A.W.O. in Dakota Harvest | Minot | ND | A.W.O. expanded their membership by 250 people, hoping to gain 150 by the end of the month. |
8/28/1915 | Hostility of Minot "Powers" | Minot | ND | Nine Wobblies subject to ten days on the chain gang for vagrancy after not registering for a job at the police station. |
8/28/1915 | Harvest Notes | Ferry | ND | Six Wobblies strike in protest of low wages, long hours, and poor conditions. |
9/10/1915 | William Sanger Convicted | New York | NY | William Sanger sentenced to thirty days in jail or a $150 fine on charges related to the distribution of Margret Sanger's pamphlet "Family Limitation." |
9/11/1915 | Workers, It's Time to Wake Up! | Bayonne | NJ | The 1500 workers lined up to attend a rally with speeches by Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Frank Tannenbaum, and Alexander Berkman blocked from entering by 20 policemen because the Chief of Police feared the IWW would "stir up trouble." |
9/11/1915 | Workers, It's Time to Wake Up! | Waterbury | CT | Prominent IWW member Joseph J. Ettor sentenced to six months in jail. |
9/11/1915 | "To Hell with the U.S. Constitution" | Minot | ND | Minot police arrested IWW members and discard the literature and supplies of delegates. |
9/11/1915 | In the Toils of the North Dakota Law | Minot | ND | After a scuffle between IWW members and railroad operators about their illegal riding, the three IWWs arrested on charges of robbery. |
9/18/1915 | Good Progress in the Harvest | Minot | ND | IWW organizer Ted Fraser sentenced to 15 days for vagrancy. |
9/18/1915 | Good Progress in the Harvest | Various | Various | AWO gains 200 new members in the first two and half weeks of September with 400 more anticipated that month, which would bring their total membership to 2300. |
9/18/1915 | Charged with Murder | Aberdeen | SD | James Schmidt charged with murder after killing a brakemen reportedly in self-defense. |
9/18/1915 | Fires Charged to IWW -- No Proof | Sacramento | CA | Several grain fields burned and thousands of dollars worth of crops lost. IWW members protesting the detention of Ford and Suhr suspected, but the organization denies involvement. |
9/18/1915 | Workers' Answer to Attempted Suppression | Waterbury | CT | Machinists and others strike at a boiler and tube plant to gain a 35 cent per day wage increase. |
9/18/1915 | Workers' Answer to Attempted Suppression | Berthold | ND | A police officer arrested one IWW member and one unorganized worker he believed to be in the IWW, loaded them into a box car in a freight train. They were able to escape, but the story spread through the town and chased off non-union workers, allowing the IWW to obtain their demand of $3.50 a day. |
9/24/1915 | Clumsy Attempt at a Frame-Up | Watsonville | CA | One alleged IWW member confessed as the arsonist responsible for the grain fires a month earlier. The membership status of the member was in dispute. |
9/25/1915 | Governor Johnson Refuses Pardon to Ford and Suhr | Sacramento | CA | Gov. Hiram Johnson rejects Ford and Suhr's request for pardon. |
9/25/1915 | Still Going Ahead in the Harvest | Crosby | ND | Three IWW members were denied pay owed to them by their farmer. In response, they dined in a restaurant and refuse to pail the bill. They were arrested and sentenced to sixty days in jail. |
9/25/1915 | Casey Arrested -- Libel | Brawley | CA | IWW member charged with libel after writing an article for Solidarity. |
9/27/1915 | N.D. Court After Another Victim | Maxbass | ND | AWO delegate arrested for sabotage after allegedly harming a threshing machine. |
9/30/1915 | Sixteen Days Reprieve for Joe Hill | Salt Lake City | UT | Joe Hill's execution delayed sixteen days. |
10/9/1915 | IWW Active Among Sugar Workers | Williamsburg | NY | IWW prepared to aid in the strike of up to 4,000 sugar workers in the American Sugar Refining Company. |
10/9/1915 | Paterson's Official Brutality and Stupidity | Paterson | NJ | IWW and Free Speech League members from New York held a demonstration protesting the blocking of an IWW meeting a few weeks earlier. |
10/9/1915 | "For Tricks That Are Vain" | Jamestown | ND | Delegate of the AWO sentenced to ten days for vagrancy. |
10/12/1915 | The Worker's Right to Organize | Ambrose | ND | AWO member arrested for sabotage. IWW presence sparked a fight between them and non-unionized workers, leading the arrest of other IWWs for assault and vagrancy. |
10/15/1915 | (none) | Seattle | WA | IWW locals in Seattle hold a benefit party in their headquarters. |
10/16/1915 | Chicago Entertainment | Chicago | IL | Industrial Union 539 held a dance to raise money to open a new headquarters. |
10/16/1915 | Harvest Still in Full Blast | Various | Various | 200 people gained membership into the AWO in the first ten days of October. |
10/16/1915 | Prompt Action Wins Legal Battle | Rockford | ND | Two IWW members arrested for threatening to destroy property and harm non-unionized workers. Charges were dismissed in court. |
11/5/1915 | Harvest Notes | Various | Various | 700 people joined AWO in October. |
11/7/1915 | Harvest Notes | Minneapolis | MN | Demonstration and parade held for Joe Hill. |
11/8/1915 | Monster Joe Hill Protest Meeting in New York | Manhattan | NY | Mass meeting held in support of Joe Hill's defense with speeches by Flynn, Ettor, and others. |
11/13/1915 | Eight Hour Day on Railroads | Boston | MA | IWW participated in a railroad workers' strike for the eight hour day. |
11/13/1915 | Trouble Brewing in Spokane | Spokane | WA | Spokane city council passed a petition to halt public speeches on the streets. |
11/14/1915 | Big Cleveland Meeting on the 14th | Cleveland | OH | Mass meeting held in Cleveland Propaganda League's new headquarters. |
11/15/1915 | Great Meeting of A.W.O. | Minneapolis | MN | Massive AWO meeting held with elections for representatives and talks of new branches on the west coast. |
11/19/1915 | Funeral in Chicago | Salt Lake City | UT | Joe Hill executed by firing squad. |
11/19/1915 | Spokane Free Speech Fight Settles | Spokane | WA | IWW members held in jail released after Spokane grants the organization the right to speak publicly. |
11/19/1915 | Spry's Bluff and Others Called | Salt Lake City | UT | Utah Governor Spry pledges to "run every IWW" out of the state. |
11/20/1915 | California Lumber Camp | Westwood | CA | IWW member removed from lumber camp after organizing a committee. |
11/24/1915 | K.C. Has Big Time | Kansas City | MO | Local 61 held a smoker, drawing hundreds and collecting $13.26 for the defense of James Schmidt, Wobbly charged of murder. |
11/25/1915 | Joe Hill's Funeral in Chicago | Chicago | IL | Hundreds gathered in the streets to mourn the execution of Joe Hill. |
11/27/1915 | "Law and Order" in Omaha | Omaha | NE | IWW headquarters raided and twelve members arrested, eleven for being "suspicious" and one for possession of a pistol. |
12/4/1915 | Gurley Flynn Acquitted | Paterson | NJ | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn acquitted of "high misdemeanor". |
12/11/1915 | none | Various | Various | 360 new members joined the AWO in November. |
12/13/1915 | A.W.O. Established in California | Sacramento | CA | 55 delegates convened and decided to establish branches of the AWO in California. |
12/18/1915 | Okla. Judge Tries to Make Peons of IWW's | Oklahoma City | OK | Seven IWW members convicted of vagrancy and sentenced to 90 days in jail and a $99 fine. |
12/25/1915 | Flays City Court in IWW Case | Oklahoma City | OK | Judge in the court of appeals decided the convictions of the seven IWW members of vagrancy were unfair and released them from jail. |