TRAC Reports
To sort the reports, click on a heading: Authors, Report #, Report Title, Year, or Publisher.
To download a report's pdf or see the abstract, click on the report.
Search returned 24 reports containing keyword: 'marine'
clear results
| Previous |
Search
|
Next |
| Authors |
Report # |
Report Title |
Year |
Publisher |
|---|
| Reinhall,P.G. | WA-RD 861.1 | Underwater Noise Reduction of Marine Pile Driving Using a Double Pile: Vashon Ferry Terminal Test | 2016 | TRAC/UW |
Abstract:
Impact pile driving of steel piles in aquatic environments produces extremely high underwater sound levels. To address this problem, a double-walled pile has been developed to decrease the total noise transmitted into the water and substrate. The double-walled pile consists of two concentric steel pipe piles flexibly connected by a special driving shoe, allowing for an air gap between the two tubes. The double-walled pile is driven into the sediment by using traditional equipment that strikes the inner pile only. The air gap between the inner and outer pile and the flexible coupling prevent the radial deformation wave produced by the pile hammer from interacting with the water and the sediment. A second full-scale test of the double-walled pile technology was performed at Vashon Island, Puget Sound, Washington. A potential reduction of the peak pressure in excess of 17dB was observed for the double pile and of 16 dB for the mandrel pile. Root mean square (RMS) levels and cumulative sound exposure levels (SEL) decreased by 13 dB and 12 dB, respectively. Use of the WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual Pile Driving Formula showed that the pile capacity of the novel piles was comparable to that of a control pile with the same outer diameter. PDA data were also collected from both the inner and outer piles of the mandrel and double piles and will be used to modify current software for predicting drivability and stresses in the piles (WEAP analysis) and for estimating load capacity after driving (CAPWAP analysis).
Authors:
Reinhall,P.G., Hampden,J., Dardis,T.
Keywords:
pile, sound, acoustic, attenuation, marine, pressure, SEL, sediment, Mach wave
Impact pile driving of steel piles in aquatic environments produces extremely high underwater sound levels. To address this problem, a double-walled pile has been developed to decrease the total noise transmitted into the water and substrate. The double-walled pile consists of two concentric steel pipe piles flexibly connected by a special driving shoe, allowing for an air gap between the two tubes. The double-walled pile is driven into the sediment by using traditional equipment that strikes the inner pile only. The air gap between the inner and outer pile and the flexible coupling prevent the radial deformation wave produced by the pile hammer from interacting with the water and the sediment. A second full-scale test of the double-walled pile technology was performed at Vashon Island, Puget Sound, Washington. A potential reduction of the peak pressure in excess of 17dB was observed for the double pile and of 16 dB for the mandrel pile. Root mean square (RMS) levels and cumulative sound exposure levels (SEL) decreased by 13 dB and 12 dB, respectively. Use of the WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual Pile Driving Formula showed that the pile capacity of the novel piles was comparable to that of a control pile with the same outer diameter. PDA data were also collected from both the inner and outer piles of the mandrel and double piles and will be used to modify current software for predicting drivability and stresses in the piles (WEAP analysis) and for estimating load capacity after driving (CAPWAP analysis).
Authors:
Reinhall,P.G., Hampden,J., Dardis,T.
Keywords:
pile, sound, acoustic, attenuation, marine, pressure, SEL, sediment, Mach wave
|
| Williams,G. D. | WA-RD 573.1 | Assessing Overwater Structure-related Predation Risk On Juvenile Salmon Field Observations and Recommended Protocols | 2003 |
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether conditions associated with over-water structures enhance predation pressure on juvenile salmon in Puget Sound. Washington State Ferry served as model. Over-water structures for exploring these issues. This document reports bird and survey results from six north-central Puget Sound WSF terminals and paired reference sites over both \"pre\" and \"peak\" periods of outmigrating salmon fry abundance from April 1 to May 10, 2002. We conclude that potential salmon predators were slightly more abundant at WSF terminals as compared with unmodified shorelines, although large aggregations were not observed on any occasion. The spatial distribution patterns of both bird and fish predators rarely overlapped with juvenile salmon oriented in surface waters close to shore. We were unable to verify whether potential predators were more abundant during peak salmon out-migration, because salmon were available in these habitats throughout the duration of our study. We found no evidence that avian, marine mammal, or fish predators consumed more juvenile salmon near WSF terminals than along shorelines without over-water structures. Few species appeared to be targeting abundant in near-shore habitats, and we observed only two occasions in which predators (one tern Sp. One staghorn sculpin) had consumed juvenile salmon. Several hypotheses are offered as to why we did not observe elevated rates of predation on juvenile salmon in the face of their greater relative availability to predators in near-shore habitats.
Authors:
Williams,G. D., Thom,R. M., Shreffler,J. A., Southard,L., O\'Rourke,K., Sargeant,S. L., Cullinan,V. I., Moursund,R., Stamey,M.
Keywords:
Assessing, availability, condition, ferry, fish, habitat, habitats, Issues, juvenile salmon, marine, model, nearshore habitat, over-water structure, Overwater, overwater structure, overwater structures, predation, Prediation Risk, pressure, salmon, Structure-related, structures, Study, survey, Washington, Washington state
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether conditions associated with over-water structures enhance predation pressure on juvenile salmon in Puget Sound. Washington State Ferry served as model. Over-water structures for exploring these issues. This document reports bird and survey results from six north-central Puget Sound WSF terminals and paired reference sites over both \"pre\" and \"peak\" periods of outmigrating salmon fry abundance from April 1 to May 10, 2002. We conclude that potential salmon predators were slightly more abundant at WSF terminals as compared with unmodified shorelines, although large aggregations were not observed on any occasion. The spatial distribution patterns of both bird and fish predators rarely overlapped with juvenile salmon oriented in surface waters close to shore. We were unable to verify whether potential predators were more abundant during peak salmon out-migration, because salmon were available in these habitats throughout the duration of our study. We found no evidence that avian, marine mammal, or fish predators consumed more juvenile salmon near WSF terminals than along shorelines without over-water structures. Few species appeared to be targeting abundant in near-shore habitats, and we observed only two occasions in which predators (one tern Sp. One staghorn sculpin) had consumed juvenile salmon. Several hypotheses are offered as to why we did not observe elevated rates of predation on juvenile salmon in the face of their greater relative availability to predators in near-shore habitats.
Authors:
Williams,G. D., Thom,R. M., Shreffler,J. A., Southard,L., O\'Rourke,K., Sargeant,S. L., Cullinan,V. I., Moursund,R., Stamey,M.
Keywords:
Assessing, availability, condition, ferry, fish, habitat, habitats, Issues, juvenile salmon, marine, model, nearshore habitat, over-water structure, Overwater, overwater structure, overwater structures, predation, Prediation Risk, pressure, salmon, Structure-related, structures, Study, survey, Washington, Washington state
|
|
http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/573.1.pdf http://wsdot.wa.gov/Research/Reports/500/573.1.htm |
| Nightingale,B. | WA-RD 507.1 | Dredging Activites: Marine Issues | 2001 | TRAC/UW |
Abstract:
This paper synthesizes scientific information on the effects of dredging activities on marine habitats. Direct and long-term effects, dredge methods, regulatory framework, contaminated sediment issues, and a separate bibliography of contaminated sediment-related reports are also presented.Direct behavioral effects include entrainment, increased turbidity, fish injury due to suspended sediment exposure, decreased dissolved oxygen levels, and the effects of noise. A turbidity threshold of 200 mg/L could reduce dredge-induced salmonid prey-predator reaction changes. High sediment loadrelated fish injury deserves further analysis. Gill injury thresholds specific to marine environments have not been identified. Suspended sediment size, shape, and exposure duration are likely important risk assessment factors for salmonids and other fishes. The most relevant issue is likely the fish ability to avoid plumes and dredge areas. Benthic infauna, epibenthic and demersal organisms, such as borrowing shrimp, crabs, and fish, are subject to entrainment risks. A clearer understanding of dredging effects to biota requires further synthesis of physiology, life-history strategies, water column use, and timing.In Washington State, maintenance dredging conversion of shallower subtidal to deeper subtidal habitats is much more frequent than new construction dredging conversion of intertidal to subtidal habitats, which is rarely allowed. Loss of intertidal habitats represents potential reductions in coastal habitat carrying capacity. The fish effects of channel deepening alteration to estuarine-freshwater mixing are most evident during early life history stages. Productivity recovery rates range from three months to many years, depending on the species. Lack of long-term and dredge pre- and post-project monitoring makes it difficult to conclusively identify effects.
Authors:
Nightingale,B., Simenstad,C. A.
Keywords:
dredging, cumulative effects, long-term effects, marine, estuarine, fish, shellfish, habitats, salmon, fish injury, dredge disposal, contamination, sediments, disposal, environmental impact, turbidity, suspended sediments, dissolved oxygen
This paper synthesizes scientific information on the effects of dredging activities on marine habitats. Direct and long-term effects, dredge methods, regulatory framework, contaminated sediment issues, and a separate bibliography of contaminated sediment-related reports are also presented.Direct behavioral effects include entrainment, increased turbidity, fish injury due to suspended sediment exposure, decreased dissolved oxygen levels, and the effects of noise. A turbidity threshold of 200 mg/L could reduce dredge-induced salmonid prey-predator reaction changes. High sediment loadrelated fish injury deserves further analysis. Gill injury thresholds specific to marine environments have not been identified. Suspended sediment size, shape, and exposure duration are likely important risk assessment factors for salmonids and other fishes. The most relevant issue is likely the fish ability to avoid plumes and dredge areas. Benthic infauna, epibenthic and demersal organisms, such as borrowing shrimp, crabs, and fish, are subject to entrainment risks. A clearer understanding of dredging effects to biota requires further synthesis of physiology, life-history strategies, water column use, and timing.In Washington State, maintenance dredging conversion of shallower subtidal to deeper subtidal habitats is much more frequent than new construction dredging conversion of intertidal to subtidal habitats, which is rarely allowed. Loss of intertidal habitats represents potential reductions in coastal habitat carrying capacity. The fish effects of channel deepening alteration to estuarine-freshwater mixing are most evident during early life history stages. Productivity recovery rates range from three months to many years, depending on the species. Lack of long-term and dredge pre- and post-project monitoring makes it difficult to conclusively identify effects.
Authors:
Nightingale,B., Simenstad,C. A.
Keywords:
dredging, cumulative effects, long-term effects, marine, estuarine, fish, shellfish, habitats, salmon, fish injury, dredge disposal, contamination, sediments, disposal, environmental impact, turbidity, suspended sediments, dissolved oxygen
|
|
| Nightingale,B. | WA-RD 508.1 | Overwater Structures: Marine Issues | 2001 | TRAC/UW |
Abstract:
This paper synthesizes 30 years of literature documenting the potential effects specific overwater structures pose to important estuarine and nearshore marine habitats for juvenile salmon and other fishes in the Pacific Northwest. While the fish and shellfish species discussed are known to specifically use nearshore habitats, we also examine potential impacts at the broader scale of the nearshore ecosystem.Overwater structures have been proved to pose potential mortality and fitness risks to these animals and their ecosystems. Mechanisms of impact are characterized as changes in light, wave energy, and substrate regimes. Modifications to these regimes by the construction of, presence of and operations around overwater structures have been found to produce significantly different distributions of invertebrates, fishes, and plants in under-dock environments than in adjacent non-shaded vegetated habitats.Effects of light limitation (shading) from overwater structures on migratory organisms such as juvenile salmon have been characterized as 1) behavioral barriers that can deflect or delay migration; 2) reduced prey resource production and availability (i.e. .carrying capacity.), and 3) altered predator-prey relationships associated with high intensity night lighting alterations to the nighttime ambient light regime. This paper identifies known visual thresholds associated with light limitation for salmonids and other juvenile fishes.Empirical findings indicate that the cumulative impacts of overwater structures can have significant impacts on ambient wave energy patterns and substrate types. Given what is known concerning biota and substrate relationships and shoreline geomorphology (drift cell) processes determining those substrates, the basic unit of measurement for establishing change thresholds to identify overwater structure effects is likely related to drift cell characteristics and scale. At this time, drift cell thresholds are not established; however, we conclude that thresholds are needed to avoid and mitigate cumulative effects. Further studies are recommended to determine plant and animal behavioral thresholds and the nature and extent of direct and cumulative effects.
Authors:
Nightingale,B., Simenstad,C. A.
Keywords:
docks, ramps, overwater structures, breakwaters, environmental impact, marine, estuarine, fish, shellfish, eelgrass, cumulative effects, underwater light, shoreline structure, habitats, salmon
This paper synthesizes 30 years of literature documenting the potential effects specific overwater structures pose to important estuarine and nearshore marine habitats for juvenile salmon and other fishes in the Pacific Northwest. While the fish and shellfish species discussed are known to specifically use nearshore habitats, we also examine potential impacts at the broader scale of the nearshore ecosystem.Overwater structures have been proved to pose potential mortality and fitness risks to these animals and their ecosystems. Mechanisms of impact are characterized as changes in light, wave energy, and substrate regimes. Modifications to these regimes by the construction of, presence of and operations around overwater structures have been found to produce significantly different distributions of invertebrates, fishes, and plants in under-dock environments than in adjacent non-shaded vegetated habitats.Effects of light limitation (shading) from overwater structures on migratory organisms such as juvenile salmon have been characterized as 1) behavioral barriers that can deflect or delay migration; 2) reduced prey resource production and availability (i.e. .carrying capacity.), and 3) altered predator-prey relationships associated with high intensity night lighting alterations to the nighttime ambient light regime. This paper identifies known visual thresholds associated with light limitation for salmonids and other juvenile fishes.Empirical findings indicate that the cumulative impacts of overwater structures can have significant impacts on ambient wave energy patterns and substrate types. Given what is known concerning biota and substrate relationships and shoreline geomorphology (drift cell) processes determining those substrates, the basic unit of measurement for establishing change thresholds to identify overwater structure effects is likely related to drift cell characteristics and scale. At this time, drift cell thresholds are not established; however, we conclude that thresholds are needed to avoid and mitigate cumulative effects. Further studies are recommended to determine plant and animal behavioral thresholds and the nature and extent of direct and cumulative effects.
Authors:
Nightingale,B., Simenstad,C. A.
Keywords:
docks, ramps, overwater structures, breakwaters, environmental impact, marine, estuarine, fish, shellfish, eelgrass, cumulative effects, underwater light, shoreline structure, habitats, salmon
|
|
| Nightingale,B. | WA-RD 508.2 | Executive Summary--Overwater Structures: Marine Issues | 2001 | TRAC/UW |
Abstract:
This paper synthesizes 30 years of literature documenting the potential effects specific overwater structures pose to important estuarine and nearshore marine habitats for juvenile salmon and other fishes in the Pacific Northwest. While the fish and shellfish species discussed are known to specifically use nearshore habitats, we also examine potential impacts at the broader scale of the nearshore ecosystem.Overwater structures have been proved to pose potential mortality and fitness risks to these animals and their ecosystems. Mechanisms of impact are characterized as changes in light, wave energy, and substrate regimes. Modifications to these regimes by the construction of, presence of and operations around overwater structures have been found to produce significantly different distributions of invertebrates, fishes, and plants in under-dock environments than in adjacent non-shaded vegetated habitats.Effects of light limitation (shading) from overwater structures on migratory organisms such as juvenile salmon have been characterized as 1) behavioral barriers that can deflect or delay migration; 2) reduced prey resource production and availability (i.e. .carrying capacity.), and 3) altered predator-prey relationships associated with high intensity night lighting alterations to the nighttime ambient light regime. This paper identifies known visual thresholds associated with light limitation for salmonids and other juvenile fishes.Empirical findings indicate that the cumulative impacts of overwater structures can have significant impacts on ambient wave energy patterns and substrate types. Given what is known concerning biota and substrate relationships and shoreline geomorphology (drift cell) processes determining those substrates, the basic unit of measurement for establishing change thresholds to identify overwater structure effects is likely related to drift cell characteristics and scale. At this time, drift cell thresholds are not established; however, we conclude that thresholds are needed to avoid and mitigate cumulative effects. Further studies are recommended to determine plant and animal behavioral thresholds and the nature and extent of direct and cumulative effects.
Authors:
Nightingale,B., Simenstad,C. A.
Keywords:
docks, ramps, overwater structures, breakwaters, environmental impact, marine, estuarine, fish, shellfish, eelgrass, cumulative effects, underwater light, shoreline structure, habitats, salmon
This paper synthesizes 30 years of literature documenting the potential effects specific overwater structures pose to important estuarine and nearshore marine habitats for juvenile salmon and other fishes in the Pacific Northwest. While the fish and shellfish species discussed are known to specifically use nearshore habitats, we also examine potential impacts at the broader scale of the nearshore ecosystem.Overwater structures have been proved to pose potential mortality and fitness risks to these animals and their ecosystems. Mechanisms of impact are characterized as changes in light, wave energy, and substrate regimes. Modifications to these regimes by the construction of, presence of and operations around overwater structures have been found to produce significantly different distributions of invertebrates, fishes, and plants in under-dock environments than in adjacent non-shaded vegetated habitats.Effects of light limitation (shading) from overwater structures on migratory organisms such as juvenile salmon have been characterized as 1) behavioral barriers that can deflect or delay migration; 2) reduced prey resource production and availability (i.e. .carrying capacity.), and 3) altered predator-prey relationships associated with high intensity night lighting alterations to the nighttime ambient light regime. This paper identifies known visual thresholds associated with light limitation for salmonids and other juvenile fishes.Empirical findings indicate that the cumulative impacts of overwater structures can have significant impacts on ambient wave energy patterns and substrate types. Given what is known concerning biota and substrate relationships and shoreline geomorphology (drift cell) processes determining those substrates, the basic unit of measurement for establishing change thresholds to identify overwater structure effects is likely related to drift cell characteristics and scale. At this time, drift cell thresholds are not established; however, we conclude that thresholds are needed to avoid and mitigate cumulative effects. Further studies are recommended to determine plant and animal behavioral thresholds and the nature and extent of direct and cumulative effects.
Authors:
Nightingale,B., Simenstad,C. A.
Keywords:
docks, ramps, overwater structures, breakwaters, environmental impact, marine, estuarine, fish, shellfish, eelgrass, cumulative effects, underwater light, shoreline structure, habitats, salmon
|
|
| Beck,E. H. | WA-RD 296.1 | Automated Vessel Logs: Volume 1 | 1993 |
Abstract:
This project developed a prototype computer-aided vessel log system of the Washington State Ferry System (WSF). The researchers generated three reports that describe the results of their research. This first volume contains a description of the project and summarizes the design and testing results of the prototype automated vessel log. The second volume contains a two-part guide that describes that prototype software program in details. Part One of this second volume was written for technical administrators who must understand the programs' production to enable them to direct refinement of the prototype. Part Two of the second volume was written for the programmers who will develop the code refinements. The second volume also contains the source code listings for all this project's programs. The third volume contains a user's guide to the program. A diskette containing all of the program's source code and the executable programs has been sent to the WSF Service Planning Manager at Colman Dock.,TRAC/University of Washington
Authors:
Beck,E. H., Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
traffic surveillance and control, marine, ferry operations, vessel logbooks
This project developed a prototype computer-aided vessel log system of the Washington State Ferry System (WSF). The researchers generated three reports that describe the results of their research. This first volume contains a description of the project and summarizes the design and testing results of the prototype automated vessel log. The second volume contains a two-part guide that describes that prototype software program in details. Part One of this second volume was written for technical administrators who must understand the programs' production to enable them to direct refinement of the prototype. Part Two of the second volume was written for the programmers who will develop the code refinements. The second volume also contains the source code listings for all this project's programs. The third volume contains a user's guide to the program. A diskette containing all of the program's source code and the executable programs has been sent to the WSF Service Planning Manager at Colman Dock.,TRAC/University of Washington
Authors:
Beck,E. H., Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
traffic surveillance and control, marine, ferry operations, vessel logbooks
|
|
| Beck,E. H. | WA-RD 296.2 | Automated Vessel Logs - Volume 2: Technical Aspects of the Log Prototype | 1993 | TRAC/UW |
Abstract:
This project developed a prototype computer aided vessel log system for the Washington State Ferry System (WSF). The Researchers generated three reports that describe the results of their research. This report, which is the second volume of three, contains a two-part guide that describes that prototype software program in detail. Part One of this second volume was written for technical administrators who must understand the program's production to enable them to direct refinement of the prototype. Part Two of this volume was written for the programmers who will develop the code refinements. This volume also contains the source code listings for all of this project's programs. The other two volumes are a summary report for the project and a user's guide. The first volume (the summary report) contains a description of the project and summarizes the design and testing results of the prototype automated vessel log. The third volume contains a user's guide for the prototype software. A diskette containing all of the program's source code and the executable programs has been sent to the WSF Service Planning Manager at Colman Dock.
Authors:
Beck,E. H., Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
traffic surveillance and control, marine, ferry operations, vessel logbooks
This project developed a prototype computer aided vessel log system for the Washington State Ferry System (WSF). The Researchers generated three reports that describe the results of their research. This report, which is the second volume of three, contains a two-part guide that describes that prototype software program in detail. Part One of this second volume was written for technical administrators who must understand the program's production to enable them to direct refinement of the prototype. Part Two of this volume was written for the programmers who will develop the code refinements. This volume also contains the source code listings for all of this project's programs. The other two volumes are a summary report for the project and a user's guide. The first volume (the summary report) contains a description of the project and summarizes the design and testing results of the prototype automated vessel log. The third volume contains a user's guide for the prototype software. A diskette containing all of the program's source code and the executable programs has been sent to the WSF Service Planning Manager at Colman Dock.
Authors:
Beck,E. H., Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
traffic surveillance and control, marine, ferry operations, vessel logbooks
|
|
| Beck,E. H. | WA-RD 296.3 | Automated Vessel Logs--Volume 3: "User's Guide for the Log Prototype" | 1993 | TRAC/UW |
Abstract:
This project developed a prototype computer-aided vessel log system for the Washington State Ferry System (WSF). The researchers generated three reports that describe the results of their research. This third volume contains a user's guide for prototype software. The other two volumes include a summary report and a technical description of the program itself. The first volume (the summary report) contains a description of the project and summaries the design and testing results of the prototype software program in details. Part One of the second volume was written for technical administrators who must understand the program's production to enable them to direct refinement of the prototype. Part Two of the second volume was written for the programmers who will develop the code refinements. The second volume also contains the source code listings for all this project's programs. A diskette containing all of the program's source code and executable programs has been sent to the WSF Service Planning Manager at Colman Dock.
Authors:
Beck,E. H., Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
marine, ferry operations, vessel logbooks
This project developed a prototype computer-aided vessel log system for the Washington State Ferry System (WSF). The researchers generated three reports that describe the results of their research. This third volume contains a user's guide for prototype software. The other two volumes include a summary report and a technical description of the program itself. The first volume (the summary report) contains a description of the project and summaries the design and testing results of the prototype software program in details. Part One of the second volume was written for technical administrators who must understand the program's production to enable them to direct refinement of the prototype. Part Two of the second volume was written for the programmers who will develop the code refinements. The second volume also contains the source code listings for all this project's programs. A diskette containing all of the program's source code and executable programs has been sent to the WSF Service Planning Manager at Colman Dock.
Authors:
Beck,E. H., Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
marine, ferry operations, vessel logbooks
|
|
| Scarpelli,A. | Vessel Characteristics | 1992 |
Abstract:
The influence of vessel characteristics on ferry landing approaches are investigated in this report. Hypothetical incident scenarios are described, and mathematical models to test the influence of the vessel characteristics on ferry landings are proposed. Possible methods for testing the mathematical models are suggested.
Authors:
Scarpelli,A., Jahren,C. T.
Keywords:
marine, ferry, ferry landing, berthing, fender systems, global positioning systems, port design, marine design
The influence of vessel characteristics on ferry landing approaches are investigated in this report. Hypothetical incident scenarios are described, and mathematical models to test the influence of the vessel characteristics on ferry landings are proposed. Possible methods for testing the mathematical models are suggested.
Authors:
Scarpelli,A., Jahren,C. T.
Keywords:
marine, ferry, ferry landing, berthing, fender systems, global positioning systems, port design, marine design
| Hallenbeck,M. E. | WA-RD 241.1 | Ferry Watch Scheduling Prototype and Recommended Future Work | 1992 |
Abstract:
This report documents the initial exploration of alternatives for a commuter system that assists in the development of watch schedules for the Washington State Ferry System (WSF). A 'watch schedule' is defined as a two-week set of work shifts to be followed by a group of WSF employees from a specific union. The report describes the programming alternatives considered, the program flow selected for prototype developments, and the conclusions and recommendations drawn from the creation of that prototype. Continued development of the watch scheduling system is not recommended at this time.
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E., Chang,J.
Keywords:
marine, ferry systems operations, crew scheduling, labor scheduling
This report documents the initial exploration of alternatives for a commuter system that assists in the development of watch schedules for the Washington State Ferry System (WSF). A 'watch schedule' is defined as a two-week set of work shifts to be followed by a group of WSF employees from a specific union. The report describes the programming alternatives considered, the program flow selected for prototype developments, and the conclusions and recommendations drawn from the creation of that prototype. Continued development of the watch scheduling system is not recommended at this time.
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E., Chang,J.
Keywords:
marine, ferry systems operations, crew scheduling, labor scheduling
|
|
| MacIssac,J. W. | WA-RD 237.1 | San Juan Ferries Reservation Program Feasibility Study | 1991 |
Abstract:
There is a growing need to manage traffic growth impacts on the WSF San Juan Island service routes. Vessel and terminal capacities have nearly reached their maximum capacities. Unless terminal expansions occur to add multiple docking slips at several terminals, vessel service capacity cannot be expanded to keep pace with the growth in traffic demand. The 'San Juan County Transportation Policy Plan' adopted in 1989 does not recommend physical expansion alternatives for meeting traffic growth. Instead it recommends non-physical alternatives, including establishment of a reservation system 'that will enable residents to obtain assured ferry space'. A reservation system would be a means of controlling traffic demand to fit available services capacity. This report presents a proposal for use of a reservation system to manage ferry traffic access to the San Juan Islands and to offer island residents priority access to available capacity within the limitations of current state law. This proposal was not accepted by the island residents when presented during the Spring of 1991.
Authors:
MacIssac,J. W., Hallenbeck,M. E., Shindler,R. L., Browne,C.
Keywords:
marine, marine transportation, ferry service, reservation system, traffic demand management
There is a growing need to manage traffic growth impacts on the WSF San Juan Island service routes. Vessel and terminal capacities have nearly reached their maximum capacities. Unless terminal expansions occur to add multiple docking slips at several terminals, vessel service capacity cannot be expanded to keep pace with the growth in traffic demand. The 'San Juan County Transportation Policy Plan' adopted in 1989 does not recommend physical expansion alternatives for meeting traffic growth. Instead it recommends non-physical alternatives, including establishment of a reservation system 'that will enable residents to obtain assured ferry space'. A reservation system would be a means of controlling traffic demand to fit available services capacity. This report presents a proposal for use of a reservation system to manage ferry traffic access to the San Juan Islands and to offer island residents priority access to available capacity within the limitations of current state law. This proposal was not accepted by the island residents when presented during the Spring of 1991.
Authors:
MacIssac,J. W., Hallenbeck,M. E., Shindler,R. L., Browne,C.
Keywords:
marine, marine transportation, ferry service, reservation system, traffic demand management
|
|
| Ulberg,C. | WA-RD 193.1 | Ferry Pricing Strategies Analysis | 1989 |
Abstract:
This report describes the results of research response to various fare pricing strategies. This research builds on the analysis of fare elasticity conducted by the Washington State Transportation Center (TRAC) under contract with the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). The basic objective of this study was to provide information from which to predict changes to revenues with changes in the fare structure. Specific recommendations for an efficient and equitable fare structure require knowledge about more than the fare elasticities. The fare structure needs to reflect policies concerning the provision of mobility to island residents, achievement of a desirable ratio of revenue to operating costs, an optimal vehicle and walk-on passenger mix, and the like. However, fare elasticities can be used to explore the implications of different policies designed to address these issues. On the basis of the fare elasticity research, these observations can be made: (1) Care should be taken when the fares in categories with elasticities less than -1 are increased. The probable result will be a net loss in revenue. (2) The loss in commuter ridership on Cross-Sound and Vashon routes will probably be greater than any increase in fares. A reduction in fare may actually increase ridership enough to offset the loss. A properly priced monthly pass may be a very good way to attract more of these riders. (3) Riders on the Vashon and Cross-Sound routes have a very strong tendency to shift from vehicles to walking onto the ferries when fare increases. The fare structure can be used as a way to control the mix of vehicles and walk-on passengers. (4) For all three categories of oversized vehicles included in this study, ridership was elastic with respect to fares. Increasing those fares apparently causes people not to make those trips or to divert them around the Sound. This finding lends support to the idea of providing an off-peak discount for those vehicles. To achieve a higher degree of certainty in these findings and to make quantitative estimates of revenue impacts of fare changes, a different approach is required than the one used in this study. Data needs to be collected on a disaggregate basis. The report outlines how this research should be carried out.
Authors:
Ulberg,C.
Keywords:
marine, pricing, fare elasticity, ridership, data collection, ferry
This report describes the results of research response to various fare pricing strategies. This research builds on the analysis of fare elasticity conducted by the Washington State Transportation Center (TRAC) under contract with the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). The basic objective of this study was to provide information from which to predict changes to revenues with changes in the fare structure. Specific recommendations for an efficient and equitable fare structure require knowledge about more than the fare elasticities. The fare structure needs to reflect policies concerning the provision of mobility to island residents, achievement of a desirable ratio of revenue to operating costs, an optimal vehicle and walk-on passenger mix, and the like. However, fare elasticities can be used to explore the implications of different policies designed to address these issues. On the basis of the fare elasticity research, these observations can be made: (1) Care should be taken when the fares in categories with elasticities less than -1 are increased. The probable result will be a net loss in revenue. (2) The loss in commuter ridership on Cross-Sound and Vashon routes will probably be greater than any increase in fares. A reduction in fare may actually increase ridership enough to offset the loss. A properly priced monthly pass may be a very good way to attract more of these riders. (3) Riders on the Vashon and Cross-Sound routes have a very strong tendency to shift from vehicles to walking onto the ferries when fare increases. The fare structure can be used as a way to control the mix of vehicles and walk-on passengers. (4) For all three categories of oversized vehicles included in this study, ridership was elastic with respect to fares. Increasing those fares apparently causes people not to make those trips or to divert them around the Sound. This finding lends support to the idea of providing an off-peak discount for those vehicles. To achieve a higher degree of certainty in these findings and to make quantitative estimates of revenue impacts of fare changes, a different approach is required than the one used in this study. Data needs to be collected on a disaggregate basis. The report outlines how this research should be carried out.
Authors:
Ulberg,C.
Keywords:
marine, pricing, fare elasticity, ridership, data collection, ferry
|
|
| Rutherford,G. S. | Ferry Diesel Bottoming | 1989 |
Abstract:
Authors:
Rutherford,G. S.
Keywords:
marine
Authors:
Rutherford,G. S.
Keywords:
marine
| Hallenbeck,M. E. | Ferry Vessel Scheduling System | 1989 |
Abstract:
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
marine
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
marine
| Rutherford,G. S. | WA-RD 112.3 | Ferry Systems Data, Scheduling and Billing Final Report on Automated Vehicle Toll Collection | 1988 |
Abstract:
This report examines the feasibility of implementing an automated vehicle toll collection system for the Washington State Ferry System. The study concluded that such a system would pay for itself in four to five years. Impelementation of such a system is not recommended at this time, but it should be considered after similar projects, ongoing in other states, demonstrate that the AVI technology has achieved the accuracy and reliability requirements of a toll collection system.
Authors:
Rutherford,G. S., Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
marine, AVI, automated toll collection, automated vehicle identification, Miscellaneous Library
This report examines the feasibility of implementing an automated vehicle toll collection system for the Washington State Ferry System. The study concluded that such a system would pay for itself in four to five years. Impelementation of such a system is not recommended at this time, but it should be considered after similar projects, ongoing in other states, demonstrate that the AVI technology has achieved the accuracy and reliability requirements of a toll collection system.
Authors:
Rutherford,G. S., Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
marine, AVI, automated toll collection, automated vehicle identification, Miscellaneous Library
|
|
| Brooks,R. L. | Evaluating the 1988-89 Ferry System Marketing Plan to Increase Off-Peak Ferry Ridership | 1988 |
Abstract:
Authors:
Brooks,R. L.
Keywords:
marine
Authors:
Brooks,R. L.
Keywords:
marine
| Toney,C. A. | WA-RD 105.1 | Chemical Sealers As Corrosion Inhibitor In Preventing Concrete Deterioration | 1987 |
Abstract:
This Post Construction Report provides an overview of the selection of a chemical sealer and its use as a method of protecting the girders and piles of the Nasell River Bridge from the intrusion of chloride ions. The structure treated is located in a marine environment. Chem-Trete Silane sealer was used for this structure and applied as specified by the manufacture. After 1 1/2 years exposure to a salt environment no deteriation of the concrete has been detected. Monitoring of the structure will continue under Washinton State Department of Transportation\'s Bridge Inspection program.
Authors:
Toney,C. A.
Keywords:
bridge, chloride, concrete, concrete sealer, construction, corrosion, deterioration, environment, exposure, inspection, ITS, marine, monitoring, piles, program, salt, seal coat waterproofing, sealer, transportation
This Post Construction Report provides an overview of the selection of a chemical sealer and its use as a method of protecting the girders and piles of the Nasell River Bridge from the intrusion of chloride ions. The structure treated is located in a marine environment. Chem-Trete Silane sealer was used for this structure and applied as specified by the manufacture. After 1 1/2 years exposure to a salt environment no deteriation of the concrete has been detected. Monitoring of the structure will continue under Washinton State Department of Transportation\'s Bridge Inspection program.
Authors:
Toney,C. A.
Keywords:
bridge, chloride, concrete, concrete sealer, construction, corrosion, deterioration, environment, exposure, inspection, ITS, marine, monitoring, piles, program, salt, seal coat waterproofing, sealer, transportation
|
|
| Hallenbeck,M. E. | WA-RD 112.1 | Ferry Systems Data, Scheduling and Billing | 1987 |
Abstract:
This report contains findings and recommendations form work performed in Task 1 of the project, Ferry System Data, Scheduling and Billing. It describes the data required by the Washington State Ferry System management and staff for the operation and management of the system. It describes the collection, manipulation, storage and retrieval of those data, and it provides a list of recommended changes that should take place within those procedures to improve the entire data collection and manipulation process.
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
AVI, automated toll collection, automated vehicle identification, marine, data collection, ferry system, information systems
This report contains findings and recommendations form work performed in Task 1 of the project, Ferry System Data, Scheduling and Billing. It describes the data required by the Washington State Ferry System management and staff for the operation and management of the system. It describes the collection, manipulation, storage and retrieval of those data, and it provides a list of recommended changes that should take place within those procedures to improve the entire data collection and manipulation process.
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
AVI, automated toll collection, automated vehicle identification, marine, data collection, ferry system, information systems
|
|
| Hallenbeck,M. E. | WA-RD 112.2 | Ferry Systems Data, Scheduling and Billing, Scheduling Systems Analysis | 1987 |
Abstract:
This report describes the feasibility, costs and benefits of automating the vessel and crew scheduling functions of the Marine Division of the Washington State Department of Transportation. The project examined the needs of the Marine Division, reviewed its current procedures, and compared available commercial and public domain software packages. Some existing packages intended for use by the transit and airline industries offer promise, but all the packages examined require considerable modification to meet the needs of the Marine Division.
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
analysis, automated toll collection, automated vehicle identification, AVI, benefit, benefits, billing, cost, costs, crew scheduling, data, ferry, ferry system, ITS, marine, public, scheduling, scheduling systems, software, systems, transit, transportation, vessel, Washington, Washington state
This report describes the feasibility, costs and benefits of automating the vessel and crew scheduling functions of the Marine Division of the Washington State Department of Transportation. The project examined the needs of the Marine Division, reviewed its current procedures, and compared available commercial and public domain software packages. Some existing packages intended for use by the transit and airline industries offer promise, but all the packages examined require considerable modification to meet the needs of the Marine Division.
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
analysis, automated toll collection, automated vehicle identification, AVI, benefit, benefits, billing, cost, costs, crew scheduling, data, ferry, ferry system, ITS, marine, public, scheduling, scheduling systems, software, systems, transit, transportation, vessel, Washington, Washington state
|
|
| Christensen,D. R. | Mooring Design Loads for Fishing Vessels | 1987 |
Abstract:
Authors:
Christensen,D. R., Nece,R.
Keywords:
marine
Authors:
Christensen,D. R., Nece,R.
Keywords:
marine
| Berney,R. E. | WA-RD 100.1 | Pricing Policy for the Washington State Ferry Systems | 1987 |
Abstract:
This study considers how prices are first set in the private sector using simple, micro-economic models. Second, it considers how prices should be set in the public sector using the theoretical framework of user charges in public finances. Third, we look at how prices are established in the transportation literature, with the highway transportation literature being considered the more relevant. Then how prices are determined in Washington's transportation system, in general, and the ferry system in specific were analyzed. Empirical evidence on Washington's ferry system fares and subsidies were studied as was evidence on the price elasticity of demand for various transportation services. Finally, the impacts of changing the price level for ferry services was considered as were a number of recommendations for pricing policy changes.
Authors:
Berney,R. E., Wallace,N. E.
Keywords:
marine, pricing, fare elasticity, ridership, data collection, ferry
This study considers how prices are first set in the private sector using simple, micro-economic models. Second, it considers how prices should be set in the public sector using the theoretical framework of user charges in public finances. Third, we look at how prices are established in the transportation literature, with the highway transportation literature being considered the more relevant. Then how prices are determined in Washington's transportation system, in general, and the ferry system in specific were analyzed. Empirical evidence on Washington's ferry system fares and subsidies were studied as was evidence on the price elasticity of demand for various transportation services. Finally, the impacts of changing the price level for ferry services was considered as were a number of recommendations for pricing policy changes.
Authors:
Berney,R. E., Wallace,N. E.
Keywords:
marine, pricing, fare elasticity, ridership, data collection, ferry
|
|
| Ulberg,C. | Ferry Fare Elasticity Study | 1986 |
Abstract:
Historical data were used to investigate ridership responses to changes in fare levels for the Washington State Ferries. Ridership data were disaggregated by route group and type of rider. The relationship between ridership and fare levels was controlled for employment levels, gasoline process, inflation, weather and seasonal differences. The relationship between fares and ridership were expressed as elasticities. For some categories of riders, a fare increase can lead to a net loss in revenue because the ridership loss is greater than the increase in fare level.
Authors:
Ulberg,C.
Keywords:
marine, ferry, fares, elasticity, ridership
Historical data were used to investigate ridership responses to changes in fare levels for the Washington State Ferries. Ridership data were disaggregated by route group and type of rider. The relationship between ridership and fare levels was controlled for employment levels, gasoline process, inflation, weather and seasonal differences. The relationship between fares and ridership were expressed as elasticities. For some categories of riders, a fare increase can lead to a net loss in revenue because the ridership loss is greater than the increase in fare level.
Authors:
Ulberg,C.
Keywords:
marine, ferry, fares, elasticity, ridership
| Nece,R. | WA-RD 070.1 | Ferry Wake Study | 1985 |
Abstract:
Wave heights were measured for three classes of vessels operated by the Washington State Ferries system on Puget Sound, Washington. Variation of wave height with distance from the sailing line was determined for each vessel class over a range of speeds. Instrumentation and testing procedures used are described. Various wave measuring technologies are discussed, and it is concluded that the spar-buoy wave-staffs used were most appropriate for the measurements sought.
Authors:
Nece,R., McCaslin,M., Christensen,D. R.
Keywords:
marine, wave measurement, ship wave (wake), vessel wave (wake)
Wave heights were measured for three classes of vessels operated by the Washington State Ferries system on Puget Sound, Washington. Variation of wave height with distance from the sailing line was determined for each vessel class over a range of speeds. Instrumentation and testing procedures used are described. Various wave measuring technologies are discussed, and it is concluded that the spar-buoy wave-staffs used were most appropriate for the measurements sought.
Authors:
Nece,R., McCaslin,M., Christensen,D. R.
Keywords:
marine, wave measurement, ship wave (wake), vessel wave (wake)
|
|
| Christensen,D. R. | Seaway Quantification Study |
Abstract:
Authors:
Christensen,D. R.
Keywords:
marine
Authors:
Christensen,D. R.
Keywords:
marine
| Previous | Next |
Search
Common Keywords:
- accident rates
- research
- Washington
- Washington state
- data
- pavement
- highway
- transportation
- design
- bridge
- evaluation
- construction
- performance
- condition
- program
- concrete
- traffic
- traffic surveillance and control
- analysis
- development
- WSDOT
- project
- asphalt
- control
- System
- Study
- cost
- ITS
- systems
- truck
- bridge and construction
- developed
- overlay
- volume
- HOV
- computer
- experimental
- environmental
- earthquake
- pavement management
- transportation planning
- planning
- impact
- survey
- asphalt concrete
- materials
- speed
- Highways
- maintenance
- management
- bridges
- tests
- tire
- marine
- bridge deck
- temperature
- methods
- impacts
- quality
- seattle
- asphalt pavement
- noise
- costs
- highway runoff
- high occupancy vehicle
- land use
- fatigue
- pavements
- incident management
- monitoring
- model
- transit
- agencies
- overlays
- roadway
- snow
- public
- TRB
- effectiveness
- policy
- weight
- reinforced concrete
- methodology
- facilities
- avalanche
- benefit
- loads
- prediction
- Interim
- base
- ramp metering
- cracking
- runoff
- models
- statistics
- Miscellaneous Library
- behavior