Abstract:
The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) operates a central traffic management system (TMS) for both day-to-day surveillance and traveler information. Past efforts developed the ability to create real-time traffic speed information by using virtual sensors that are based on transit vehicle tracking data. In order for this new information source to be merged into the TMS, a number of questions, such as probe density in time and space, needed to be resolved. This report presents the solution developed at the University of Washington (UW). This solution provides real-time congestion information from Seattle area freeways and arterials-I-5, I-90, SR 520 and SR 99-to the WSDOT TMS using the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Backbone. This project harvests existing automatic vehicle location (AVL) data from within King County Metro Transit and transports the raw data to the UW, where a series of operations converts the data into roadway speed information. This roadway speed information is color coded on the basis of specific, localized conditions for the arterials and freeways to reflect traffic congestion. The resulting traffic data product is then provided to WSDOT as a data source for virtual sensors located in roadways where currently there are no inductance loops. In addition to creating the infrastructure for an AVL-equipped fleet to serve as probe vehicles, this project created several user interfaces for traveler information. One is "StoreView," a Java application that displays the spatial and temporal average speeds of transit vehicles as color-coded bubbles on a map of the area's major arterials and freeways. A second type of traveler information, analogous to TrafficTV and WSDOT's pictographic traffic maps, is also available. This report documents both the technical issues addressed in creating a virtual sensor data both the technical issues addressed in creating a virtual sensor data stream from probe vehicle data and the creation of a set of real-time traveler information applications.

Authors:
Dailey,D. J., Cathey,F. W.

Keywords:
AVL, bus, computing, geographic information systems, GIS, probe, road traffic, speed sensors, traffic control, traffic engineering, traffic probes, transit, transit probes, transportation, virtual sensors

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External Links: http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/617.1.pdf http://wsdot.wa.gov/Research/Reports/600/617.1.htm

Abstract:
High occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, also known as carpool lanes and diamond lanes, are designated for use by carpoolers, transit riders, ride sharers and motorcyclists that meet the occupancy requirement. By restricting access, the HOV lanes benefit users by allowing them to travel the freeway system at a faster speed, thus saving time, and experiencing greater time reliability in comparison to motorists on general purpose (GP) lanes. To accurately evaluate the system's effectiveness, a state policy requires an annual HOV system report to document system performance, examining the HOV lanes' person-carrying capability, travel time savings, and trip reliability benefits in comparison to adjacent GP lanes. HOV lane violation rates are also evaluated. This report describes the results of an extensive monitoring effort of HOV lane use and performance in the Puget Sound area in 2002. It presents an analysis of data collected to describe the number of people and vehicles that use HOV lanes, the reliability of the HOV lanes, the travel time savings in comparison to GP lanes, violation rates and public perceptions. This information is intended to serve as reliable input for transportation decision makers and planners in evaluating the impact and adequacy of the existing HOV lane system in the Puget sound area, and in planning for other HOV facilities. This is volume 1 of a two-volume set. Volume 2 provides an overview of major trends in HOV lane performance by comparing data presented in the 2000 HOV Performance Report.

Authors:
Nee,J., Ishimaru,J. M., Hallenbeck,M. E.

Keywords:
analysis, benefit, benefits, carpool, data, facilities, freeway, GP lanes, high occupancy, high occupancy vehicle, HOV, HOV facilities, HOV lanes, HOV performance, monitoring, occupancy, performance, performance monitoring, planning, policy, public, reliability, research, speed, transit, transportation, travel time, violation, volume

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External Links: http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/584.2.pdf http://wsdot.wa.gov/Research/Reports/500/584.2.htm

Abstract:
This report consists of four sections. The first section provides an overview of the software constructed to service the signs, a description of how the software works, and how to configure the applications. The second section details an experiment requested by Sound Transit in October of 2003. The third section describes results from an experiment in January 2004. The fourth section gives the results of an experiment in April and May of 2004.

Authors:
Mclean,S., Dailey,D. J., Cathey,F. W.

Keywords:
software, traffic, traffic signs, applications, transit

Abstract:
Performance monitoring is an issue of growing concern both nationally and in Washington State. Travel times and speeds have always been of interest to traveler-information researchers, but as they become a key measure in performance monitoring, this interest is now greater than ever. However, instrumenting the roadway infrastructure to obtain this type of data is very expensive. In this project, we use transit vehicles as probe sensors and develop a framework to use the vehicle position estimates as a speed sensor.This report documents the second phase of a three-phase project that will create a robust set of virtual sensors for freeways and arterials. The first phase was a proof of principle that examined the statistics of successfully using transit vehicles as traffic probes. The results of the second phase are presented in this report. An optimal filter method is described that estimates acceleration, speed, and position as a function of space and time. The third phase will implement a server to place speed estimates from the transit probe virtual sensors into the WSDOT Northwest Region's operational Traffic Management System. WSDOT will benefit from this work by gaining additional traffic management sensing capabilities without the additional installation and maintenance costs of cabinets, loops, and communications. The traveling public in metropolitan Seattle will benefit from having additional traveler information about arterials that can be used as alternatives to freeway travel. Publication of results that validate the techniques used to derive virtual sensors from transit probe vehicles will have a national impact as an increasing number of cities use transit fleet management systems.

Authors:
Dailey,D. J., Cathey,F. W.

Keywords:
bus, transit, probe, Claman filters, Kalman smoother, GIS, AVL, TCIP, MML, virtual sensors, traffic probes, transit probes, speed sensors, geographic information systems, road traffic, traffic control, traffic engineering computing, transportation, research

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External Links: http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/579.1.pdf http://wsdot.wa.gov/Research/Reports/500/579.1.htm

Abstract:
This research examines the relationship between pedestrian accident locations on state owned facilities (highways and urban arterials) and the presence of riders loading and alighting from bus transit. Many state facilities are important metropolitan transit corridors with large numbers of bus stops users, so that these facilities have higher pedestrian exposure to traffic and an increased number of collisions. The research also examines the association between pedestrian collisions and other pedestrian travel generators, such as concentrations of retail activity and housing, as well as environmental conditions such as wide roadways, high traffic volumes, and high speed limits.On the basis of a retrospective sampling approach and logistic regression models, the study shows that bus stop usage is strongly associated with pedestrian collisions along state facilities. Less strong, but significant associations are shown to exist between retail location and size, traffic volume, and number of traffic lanes, and locations with high levels of pedestrian-vehicle collisions. The findings suggest that facilities with high numbers of bus riders need to accommodate people walking safely along and across the roadway. They support the development of state DOT programs for multi-modal facilities that integrate travel modes in major regional facilities within local suburban communities and pay specific attention to the role of transit in shaping the demand for non-motorized travel on the facilities. Also, state DOT, local jurisdiction, and transit staff must work together to identify facilities and locations where bus riders are at risk and take appropriate steps to ensure pedestrian safety.

Authors:
Moudon,A. V., Hess,P.

Keywords:
multimodal facilities, pedestrian collisions, pedestrian safety, research, transit

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External Links: http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/556.1.pdf http://wsdot.wa.gov/Research/Reports/500/556.1.htm

Abstract:
The Busview-X project constructed and demonstrated the use of an advanced public transportation system (APTS) to show the viability of providing real-time transit information to transit riders. This project (1) designed an advanced graphical transit information system using data from King County Metro Transit's existing automatic vehicle location (AVL) system and the Puget Sound's regional intelligent transportation systems (ITS) backbone; (2) created a World Wide Web page to launch the application; and (3) demonstrated the system's viability by providing real-time transit coach locations to personal workstations on the University of Washington campus.As a precursor to an APTS for the Puget Sound region, Busview-X was designed to (1) provide real-time coach location information to the test group; (2) enhance King County Metro's existing investment in AVL technology without disrupting existing operations; (3) evaluate AVL accuracy; (4) encourage increased ridership, modal change, and productivity; and (5) be compatible with federal efforts to develop a national ITS architecture. Busview-X was constructed in an open systems model that supported a distributed computing environment. It used the X-windowing system for graphical support. Busview-X was used 2, 490 times over a period of 670 days from November 1995 to September 1997.During the Seattle Smart Trek Model Deployment Initiative, the ideas developed in the campus-based version of Busview-X were used to create a new version, Busview, that could be widely supported on the Internet. Busview was written in the Java programming language so that graphical representation of transit information could be available anywhere on the Internet. The incorporation of a graphical toolkit into Java and its inclusion in widely available WWW browsers allowed the researchers to replace the X-window system with WWW browsers as the graphic user interface.Both versions were well received by users. Comments from Buxview-X were used to improve the design of Busview during the Smart Trek deployment. Refinements to Busview are ongoing.

Authors:
Dailey,D. J., Maclean,S., Pao,I.

Keywords:
automatic vehicle location (AVL), positioning, transit, real-time data, java applet, research

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Abstract:
The SWIFT (Seattle Wide-area for Travelers) project was a field operational test of a wide area ITS communications system using a flexible FM sub-carrier High Speed Data System (HSDS). The test was conducted in a partnership with WSDOT, King County Metro Transit, Delco Electronics, Inc., IBM, Seiko Communications Systems, Metro Traffic Control and the Federal Highway Administration. Three devices were used, by the public, to receive the traveler a Delco car radio (capable of providing vector navigation in addition to personal paging and the messages); a Seiko wrist watch pager; and a portable computer (capable of providing graphic displays of traffic advisories and bus positions). After the 15-month test, interviews with the 600 Seattle commuters/participants were conducted to assess user acceptance. A communications study evaluated the adequacy of the HSDS system to disseminate traveler information. Architecture study assessed the effectiveness of the various components to carry out SWIFT operations. institutional issues study documented the history of the project and assessed the institutional issues confronted. A deployment cost study investigated the cost of deployment of a SWIFT system and assessment of potential profitability. The first five reports in this series detail individual aspects of the project.

Authors:
Wetherby,B., Perez,W.

Keywords:
Acceptance, Assessment, bus, computer, control, cost, counties, data, Deployment, effectiveness, evaluation, highway, Institutional, interviews, Issues, ITS, Miscellaneous Library, paging, portable computer, project, public, seattle, speed, Study, SWIFT, System, systems, traffic, traffic advisories, traffic control, transit, traveler information, WSDOT

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Abstract:
The Seattle Wide-area Information for Travelers (SWIFT) Operational Test was intended to evaluate the performance of a large-scale, urban Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS) deployment in the Seattle area. With the majority the SWIFT system completed by June 30,1996, the SWIFT Field Operational Test (FOT) evaluation was conducted from July 1, 1996 through September 20, 1997. The unique features of the SWIFT ATIS included the provision of information for multiple transportation modes, the delivery of this information using three different devices and the use of FM sideband as the primary communications medium. A total of 690 system users were recruited during the course of the study, including 520 Seiko Message watch users, 90 users of the Delco in-vehicle-navigation device and 80 users of the SWIFT portable computers.Purpose of Test. The SWIFT Consumer Acceptance Study was one of five component studies to the overall system evaluation. This report details the findings for the SWIFT Consumer Acceptance Study based on the evaluation objectives that were identified in the SWIFT Evaluation Plan (1 995). The primary objectives of the SWIFT Consumer Acceptance Study were to assess the following:Importance of traveler information in travel planningUsefulness of SWIFT traveler information in travel planningMinimum set of user services and device features required to provide viable productand servicesUser perceptions of SWIFT device usefulnessWillingness-to-pay for different services.User perceptions of changes in travel convenience and efficiencyUser perceptions of changes in traffic congestion, air quality, energy consumption,and safety.Additional SWIFT Consumer Acceptance Study objectives, conducted in support of the SWIFTArchitecture Study, were to assess the following:SWIFT system reliability from a user perspectiveSWIFT system availability from a user perspective.Methods. A variety of data-collection efforts were completed, including questionnaires, focus groups and telephone interviews. The questionnaires contained items that addressed objectives set out in the evaluation plan. The focus groups were conducted with small groups of users to obtain qualitative impressions from a smaller subset of users who were encouraged to speak openly and share their perceptions with other users. The SWIFT Consumer Acceptance Study focused on measurement and analysis of user perceptions toward SWIFT system usefulness and performance. No attempt was made to quantify the system level impacts of SWIFT services on congestion, air quality, energy consumption or safety in the Seattle region. Rather, the assessment of system-level transportation impacts was limited to examining subjective data (e.g., traveler's perceptions) collected from users and determining whether these perceptions were consistent with a benefit.Perceptions of Importance of Traveler In formationResults indicated that SWIFT users tended to place a high degree of importance on incident and congestion-related information in travel planning. Incident location and duration information was rated quite high in importance along with general traffic congestion information. For the group as a whole, information concerning bus schedule and route information and bus-location information was rated very low in importance, although these ratings were much higher in those users that actually used the bus. This was consistent with the automobile dependence reported by the group, and suggests that information concerning non-automobile options would not be used by the automobile-dependent group. Since users of the SWIFT portable computer were recruited from among transit users, this group generally rated transit information higher than other device users groups. However, the importance of this information was not as high as congestion and incident-related information. Receipt of various general-information messages was not rated very high in importance by questionnaire respondents, with the exception of weather, sports and news items. Most SWIFT respondents indicated that the receipt of financial and other environmental information was not important. Of course, from a transportation-impact point of view, the receipt of these general information messages was inconsequential. However, if device users were attracted by thesemessages it may make such services commercially viable to augment any potential benefitperceived by users through the receipt of travel-related information.Perceptions of S WIFT Traveler In formation UsefulnessUsers tended to view the messages they received from the SWIFT systems as accurate, reliable,timely, easy to understand and useful. Among device types, respondents representing users of the Seiko Message Watch expressed concern with the timeliness of incident-related messages. In addition, these respondents tended to rate ease of understanding lower than other user groups. Users of the Delco in-vehicle-navigation devices and SWIFT portable computers experienced problems in receiving personal-paging messages and these problems were reflected in respondent ratings. The map-based display provided by the SWIFT portable computer resulted in generally higher ratings for this device over other devices in understanding incident location and the nature of congestion. Seiko Message Watch users reported difficulty in understanding the extent of expected delay as well as the nature of congestion, while Delco in-vehicle-navigation device respondents reported difficulty in understanding the period of time for which a message applied. Generally speaking, SWIFT participants endorsed a wide-range of improvements to messages provided by the SWIFT system. Most seemed to consider the operational test as a suggestion of what might be possible, rather than a demonstration of a final product. Among Seiko Message Watch users, respondents expressed a desire for improved timeliness of messages as atop priority.

Authors:
Trombly,J., Wetherby,B., Dixson,A.

Keywords:
Acceptance, air quality, analysis, Assessment, ATIS, availability, bus, computer, congestion, congestion information, Consumer, data, data collection, Energy, environmental, evaluation, group, impact, impacts, improvement, incident, interviews, Miscellaneous Library, objectives, performance, planning, portable computer, quality, reliability, safety, seattle, Study, SWIFT, System, systems, traffic, traffic congestion, transit, transportation, travel, traveler information, urban

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Abstract:
While several authorities have assembled comprehensive general resources on the design and operation of HOV facilities at large, none has yet done this from the perspective of transit. The lack of transit-specific research has left unanswered questions such as "What are transit's interests, and how are they best served in HOV facility design and operations?" In addressing these questions, the authors of this report have brought together many pieces of available transit-related HOV research into a single document. The report covers technical aspects of HOV design and operations by dividing the domain into two components: freeways and arterials. Part One, "Arterial HOV Treatments", begins with descriptions of arterial HOV lane types: concurrent flow, contraflow, and median lanes; transit malls, bus streets, and shoulder converstion. Operating characteristics of arterial HOV lanes, including queue bypasses , signalization, and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) advances, are explored. The physical characteristics of arterial HOV lanes are also discussed, including reference to cross-sections, turning radii, and bus stop design. Part Two, "Freeway HOV Treaments", begins by considering the perspective of those who see the very existence of HOV lanes that are open to both buses and carpools as evidence of erosion of an original commitment to transit. A discussion of occupancy policy as related to operational efficiency follows. The next section, on freeway HOV facility design, covers topics such as retrofitting as opposed to new construction, and basic HOV lane types, and their relative advantages. The issue of inside vs. outside HOV lane location is also discussed. Next, ramp types and designs are described, with reference to concerns such as gradients, clearance, transition lanes, and turning radii. A planning section covers cost-benefit analysis. The report concludes with sections on safety, enforcement, and the role of traffic management centers.

Authors:
Rutherford,G. S., MacLachlan,S., Semple,K.

Keywords:
HOV, high occupancy vehicle facilities and operations, transit, arterial, freeway, ramps

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Abstract:
This study sought to understand the potential and problems associated with fare-free transit policy. Washington state is extraordinary in the number of such systems that are fully fare-free. Experiences with fare-free policy in Washington are overwhelmingly positive; a result that is consistent with other completely fare-free systems in the U.S. identified in this research. We conclude that fare-free policy does make a difference and that smaller communities especially are better served by a fare-free policy. This positive review of fare-free policy conflicts with common thinking about the policy within the transit industry. We conclude that much of the negative interpretation of the policy is based on a very limited set of experiments with the policy of larger systems. This research points out why these experiments should not be used to dismiss the policy and why the policy's potential success is largely dependent upon transit agency management issues. Furthermore, we present a conceptual overview of why the removal of the fare box results in substantial ridership increases above the levels predicted using standard fare elasticity relationships. This conceptual overview of the relationship between fare-free policy and ridership levels is also suggested as a helpful tool for interpreting the value of increased ridership in juxtaposition to the different objectives of pubic transportation.

Authors:
Hodge,D. C., Orrell III,J. D., Strauss,T. R.

Keywords:
transit, fare policy, fare-free, transit ridership

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Abstract:
Presented in this paper are findings from an empirical analysis to test the impacts of land-use mix, population density, and employment density on the use of the single occupant vehicle (SOV), transit, and walking for both work trips and shopping trips. The hypothetical relationships tested focused on whether there is a relationship between urban form and modal choice, whether this relationship exists when controlling for non-urban form factors, whether this relationship is linear or non-linear, and whether a stronger relationship exists between modal choice and urban form when they are measured at both trip ends as opposed to either the origin or destination. A review of literature and experiences suggested that a fair amount of information is known about the impacts of destiny on mode choice. However, considerable debate exists over whether density itself is actually the casual stimulus to a surrogate for other factors. To address this issue, a database was developed with a comprehensive set of variables for which density may be a proxy, e.g., demographics and level of service. This analysis employed a correlational research design in which modal choice was compared among census tracts with differing levels of density and mix. Findings from this research indicate that density and mix are both related to mode choice, even when controlling for non-urban form factors for both work trips and shopping trips. Furthermore, the relationship between population and employment density and mode choice for SOV, transit, and walking in non-linear for both work and shopping trips. Transit usage and walking increase as density and land-use mix increase, while SOV usage declines. Findings from this research suggests that measuring urban form at both trip ends provides a greater ability to predict travel choices than looking at trip ends separately. Findings also suggest that increasing the level of land-use mix at the trip origins and destinations is also related with a reduction in SOV travel and an increase in transit and walking.

Authors:
Frank,L. D.

Keywords:
land-use, mixed use, population density, SOV, transit, walking, TRB

Abstract:
Over 50 park-and-ride lots in the Puget Sound region were studied for their potential for private development at the sites to improve ridership, revenue, and lot security. A literature search and institutional analysis showed that the concept of private development at park-and-ride lots, although untested, shows promise. Detailed market and site analysis were performed for three existing and two proposed sites. Sample site designs were created for each site. The study concluded that private development of park-and-ride lots is both desirable and feasible, and that new lots are better candidates for development.

Authors:
Rutherford,G. S., Frank,L., Tull,A.

Keywords:
park-and-ride, private development, joint development, transit service, transit, retail development

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Abstract:
Over 50 park-and-ride lots in the Puget Sound region were studied for their potential for private development at the sites to improve ridership, revenue, and lot security. A literature search and institutional analysis showed that the concept of private development at park-and-ride lots, although untested, shows promise. Detailed market and site analyses were performed for three existing and two proposed sites. Sample site designs were created for each site. The study concludes that private development of park-and-ride lots is both desirable and feasible, and that new lots are better candidates for development.

Authors:
Rutherford,G. S., Frank,L. D., Tull,A.

Keywords:
park-and-ride, private development, joint development, transit service, transit, retail development

Abstract:


Authors:
Ulberg,C.

Keywords:
transit

Abstract:
This report describes the feasibility, costs and benefits of automating the vessel and crew scheduling functions of the Marine Division of the Washington State Department of Transportation. The project examined the needs of the Marine Division, reviewed its current procedures, and compared available commercial and public domain software packages. Some existing packages intended for use by the transit and airline industries offer promise, but all the packages examined require considerable modification to meet the needs of the Marine Division.

Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E.

Keywords:
analysis, automated toll collection, automated vehicle identification, AVI, benefit, benefits, billing, cost, costs, crew scheduling, data, ferry, ferry system, ITS, marine, public, scheduling, scheduling systems, software, systems, transit, transportation, vessel, Washington, Washington state

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Abstract:
This study was undertaken to measure and assess current transportation behavior, attitudes, and adjustments people have made or are planning to make to cope with higher costs of transportation and energy shortages. A secondary objective was to develop an effective and inexpensive system to collect a sizeable amount of multimodal data for various types of travel from a statistically reliable sample of modal data for various types of travel from a statistically reliable sample of households in the State of Washington. Telephone interviews of approximately 15 minutes in length were conducted with 2,500 households in 1980 and 2,000 homes in 1983, with both samples having a 95 percent confidence level. Residents of metropolitan, urban and rural areas were included. The households interviewed were selected by a random computer search of telephone numbers. Respondents were screened to ensure that an adult member (18 years or older) of the household was interviewed. The questionnaire dealt with the travel habits of the household rather than just the person being interviewed. Travel to work, local travel, long distance travel, recreational travel, use of public transit and other modes of travel, as well as vehicle ownership trends were topics covered in the interviews. The household's travel patterns two years prior to the interview, as well as current behavior and future plans were included. The replies to the questions indicated that people were concerned about transportation problems and were willing to provide detailed facts and opinions about their household's transportation behavior.

Authors:
Limotti,Brian, Iverson,Evan, Jacobson,Robert

Keywords:
attitudes, behavior, computer, condition, cost, costs, data, data collection, Energy, energy shortages, households, interviews, multimodal, planning, public, public transit, Recreational travel, ridership, rural, Surveys, System, transit, transportation, travel, travel patterns, urban, Washington, Washington state

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Abstract:
This report examines major issues, concepts and methods of bus transit performance evaluation and suggests procedures and guidelines for internal and external monitoring in Washington State. In support of suggested procedures, data analysis on six years of operational and financial characteristics of Washington State systems, 1979-80 Section 15 data, and collected samples of small community/rural systems from other states was conducted. The major objective of the analysis was to test methodologies for developing and assessing transit peer groups\" relative to size and scale of operations, and prior to comparative within-group evaluation. The methodology entailed employing cluster analysis using up to 10 variables depicting service design and distribution. Two key variables were population and line miles. Problems were encountered in using Section 15 data. Due to its use of urban area, as opposed to service area population, clear distinctions of operating environments could not be determined. Thus, cluster groupings using Section 15 data were inconclusive. Cluster State systems (1980) were satisfactory and following additional verification, a suggested \"peer group\" classification for Washington State was recommended. The seven group types ranged in size from a rural regional (<40,000 population) to metropolitan (<1,000,00 population). Values for 8 efficiency and effectiveness indicators were used to assess \"peer group\" trends in performance in Washington over a five-year period (1976-80). Comparative evaluations of individual systems were not made. Despite only partial success in determining \"peer groups\", the study does identify methods and procedures for assisting in external and internal performance evaluation.

Authors:
Kelly,W. J., Rutherford,G. S.

Keywords:
peer group evaluation, analysis, bus, bus transit, cluster analysis, data, data collection, design, effectiveness, efficiency, environment, evaluation, group, indicator, indicators, Issues, ITS, line, methodology, methods, monitoring, Operating, performance, performance evaluation, performance measures, performance standards, population, rural, section 15 data, Study, System, systems, transit, urban, Washington, Washington state

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Abstract:
The objective of this report is to develop an effective transportation resource allocation technique that is flexible and can be applied to various areas. Allocation procedures were developed and tested for apportioning resources to transportation services in relation to community transportation objectives. Procedures were developed and applied that measured the effectiveness of candidate transportation service proposals in terms of a transportation resource allocation index (TRAI). The extent to which a transportation proposal achieves the community objectives is defined as its effectiveness. The transportation index was computed on the basis of the projects scorings for eight selected determinants, multiplied by the weighing assigned to each determinant in accordance with their relative effectiveness.The TRAI for eight transportation service proposals including transit, were computed as a pilot study and as a working test of the techniques in the Tri-Cities area of Richland, Kennewick, and Pasco, WA. There appears to be no complication in implementing this technique for allocations in any local urban area providing the concepts are correctly evaluated and applied.

Authors:
Nielsen,Robert S., Shea,Daniel J., Yandon,Keith E.

Keywords:
Allocation of resources, developed, development, effectiveness, evaluation, index, ITS, Objective and goals, objectives, project, transit, transportation, transportation resource/allocation, transportation service, urban

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Abstract:
The purpose of the report is to present major concepts of transit performance evaluation and suggest procedures and guidelines for internal and external performance monitoring in Washington State.

Authors:
Kelly,W. J., Rutherford,G. S.

Keywords:
bus transportation, data collection and analysis, evaluation, Interim, methodology, monitoring, performance, performance evaluation, performance measures, performance monitoring, System, transit, Washington, Washington state

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