TRAC Reports
To sort the reports, click on a heading: Authors, Report #, Report Title, Year, or Publisher.
To download a report's pdf or see the abstract, click on the report.
Search returned 20 reports containing keyword: 'fatigue'
clear results
| Previous |
Search
|
Next |
| Authors |
Report # |
Report Title |
Year |
Publisher |
|---|
| Roeder,C. W. | WA-RD 494.1 | Fatigue Cracking of Riveted, Coped, Stringer-to-Floorbeam Connections | 2001 | TRAC/UW |
Abstract:
Fatigue cracking has been noted in a number of riveted, coped stringer-to-floorbeam connections on truss bridges in Washington state. The fatigue cracking has raised uncertainty regarding the future performance and life expectancy of these bridges. This laboratory experimental research study evaluated the expected performance of these critical connections to better understand the causes of the fatigue cracking and to compare and evaluate several damage limitation methods for this critical location.Sixteen test specimens were built and tested. During the initial testing, the goal was to develop fatigue cracks in the region of the cope. The cracks were observed, and the rate of crack growth was closely monitored. The results of this work showed that the rate of initial visible cracking is dependent on the surface condition of the cope. Rough or notched copes develop cracks after a very few cycles. Once the crack has developed, the rate of crack growth does not depend on the surface condition of the cope.A damage limitation method (DLM) was applied to most specimens. Three methods--the hole drilling method, the drilled hole with inserted bolted, and the bolt removal method--were evaluated. After the DLM was applied, the specimen was retested to determine whether and when further crack growth occurred. The rate of crack growth was closely monitored, and the relative effectiveness of alternative DLMs were determined.A design and evaluation procedure was developed for predicting the time required for crack development and for selecting appropriate connection stiffnesses for application of the DLMs. This method utilizes load spectra developed in previous field investigations and methods for translating the load spectra into an effective stress and number of cycles for the fatigue evaluation. Models are provided for evaluating connection stiffness and for analyzing the effect of the connection stiffness on the stringer moments.
Authors:
Roeder,C. W., MacRae,G. A., Kalogiros,A. Y., Leland,A.
Keywords:
coped stringers, damage limitation, fatigue, fatigue cracking, fatigue life, repair, riveted connections, research
Fatigue cracking has been noted in a number of riveted, coped stringer-to-floorbeam connections on truss bridges in Washington state. The fatigue cracking has raised uncertainty regarding the future performance and life expectancy of these bridges. This laboratory experimental research study evaluated the expected performance of these critical connections to better understand the causes of the fatigue cracking and to compare and evaluate several damage limitation methods for this critical location.Sixteen test specimens were built and tested. During the initial testing, the goal was to develop fatigue cracks in the region of the cope. The cracks were observed, and the rate of crack growth was closely monitored. The results of this work showed that the rate of initial visible cracking is dependent on the surface condition of the cope. Rough or notched copes develop cracks after a very few cycles. Once the crack has developed, the rate of crack growth does not depend on the surface condition of the cope.A damage limitation method (DLM) was applied to most specimens. Three methods--the hole drilling method, the drilled hole with inserted bolted, and the bolt removal method--were evaluated. After the DLM was applied, the specimen was retested to determine whether and when further crack growth occurred. The rate of crack growth was closely monitored, and the relative effectiveness of alternative DLMs were determined.A design and evaluation procedure was developed for predicting the time required for crack development and for selecting appropriate connection stiffnesses for application of the DLMs. This method utilizes load spectra developed in previous field investigations and methods for translating the load spectra into an effective stress and number of cycles for the fatigue evaluation. Models are provided for evaluating connection stiffness and for analyzing the effect of the connection stiffness on the stringer moments.
Authors:
Roeder,C. W., MacRae,G. A., Kalogiros,A. Y., Leland,A.
Keywords:
coped stringers, damage limitation, fatigue, fatigue cracking, fatigue life, repair, riveted connections, research
|
| Roeder,C. W. | WA-RD 369.1 | Field Measurements of Dynamic Wheel Loads on Modular Expansion Joints | 1995 | TRAC/UW |
Abstract:
Modular expansion joints are frequently used on bridges with large movements, and fatigue cracking has been noted on a number of these joints. Past studies have examined fatigue design procedures and theoretically predicted joint behavior under traffic loading. These studies have shown that the dynamic characteristics of these joints are variable, and the fatigue design loads must vary with the joint characteristics. This research report describes a field investigation of the dynamic loads and behavior of a swivel joist modular joint system. The study was performed to verify the response predicted in past theoretical studies, to establish the dynamic characteristics of the joint, and to determine appropriate fatigue design loads on the joint. The measurements are described and analyzed in detail. The report develops important conclusions regarding the dynamic loads on the joint, the distribution of load between elements of the joint, and the relative importance of different load components. The subject joint was shown to be more sensitive to vertical loads and less sensitive to horizontal loads than suggested by existing fatigue design methods. Traffic patterns were shown to have a significant impact on the behavior of this joint system. The report includes fatigue design recommendations.
Authors:
Roeder,C. W.
Keywords:
cracking, fatigue, dynamic wheel loadings, modular expansion joints, expansion joints, fatigue design loads, steel, research
Modular expansion joints are frequently used on bridges with large movements, and fatigue cracking has been noted on a number of these joints. Past studies have examined fatigue design procedures and theoretically predicted joint behavior under traffic loading. These studies have shown that the dynamic characteristics of these joints are variable, and the fatigue design loads must vary with the joint characteristics. This research report describes a field investigation of the dynamic loads and behavior of a swivel joist modular joint system. The study was performed to verify the response predicted in past theoretical studies, to establish the dynamic characteristics of the joint, and to determine appropriate fatigue design loads on the joint. The measurements are described and analyzed in detail. The report develops important conclusions regarding the dynamic loads on the joint, the distribution of load between elements of the joint, and the relative importance of different load components. The subject joint was shown to be more sensitive to vertical loads and less sensitive to horizontal loads than suggested by existing fatigue design methods. Traffic patterns were shown to have a significant impact on the behavior of this joint system. The report includes fatigue design recommendations.
Authors:
Roeder,C. W.
Keywords:
cracking, fatigue, dynamic wheel loadings, modular expansion joints, expansion joints, fatigue design loads, steel, research
|
|
| Roeder,C. W. | WA-RD 306.1 | Fatigue Cracking in Modular Expansion Joints | 1993 | TRAC/UW |
Abstract:
Modular expansion joints are commonly used on bridges with potential movements larger than approximately 5 inches. Single support bar modular systems with 48 inches of movement capability were used for the third Lake Washington Floating Bridge. Within 18 months after the bridge was opened to traffic, cracks were noted in the centerbeams of these large, modular systems. Extensive cracking has been noted since that date. This research program was a study into the causes of the observed cracking. The work was divided into two tasks. The first task was a literature review and evaluation of existing methods for fatigue design of modular joint systems. The second tasks consisted of a wide range of finite element analyses of the particular joint, and correlation of the computed results in existing design models and observed behavior. The results show that the cracking has been caused by fatigue due to the related wheel loading. However, existing design methods do not appear to be reliable indicators of the fatigue behavior because the behavior is influenced by the stiffness and dynamic response of the individual joint system. The variable span lengths complicated the evaluation process. The work shows that there is no reliable information for the wheel load spectrum for US traffic on joints of this type. However, extension of past behavior of this joint indicates that centerbeams of the large joint will require replacement within several years.
Authors:
Roeder,C. W.
Keywords:
bridge and construction, cracking, expansion joints, fatigue, modular expansion joints, steel
Modular expansion joints are commonly used on bridges with potential movements larger than approximately 5 inches. Single support bar modular systems with 48 inches of movement capability were used for the third Lake Washington Floating Bridge. Within 18 months after the bridge was opened to traffic, cracks were noted in the centerbeams of these large, modular systems. Extensive cracking has been noted since that date. This research program was a study into the causes of the observed cracking. The work was divided into two tasks. The first task was a literature review and evaluation of existing methods for fatigue design of modular joint systems. The second tasks consisted of a wide range of finite element analyses of the particular joint, and correlation of the computed results in existing design models and observed behavior. The results show that the cracking has been caused by fatigue due to the related wheel loading. However, existing design methods do not appear to be reliable indicators of the fatigue behavior because the behavior is influenced by the stiffness and dynamic response of the individual joint system. The variable span lengths complicated the evaluation process. The work shows that there is no reliable information for the wheel load spectrum for US traffic on joints of this type. However, extension of past behavior of this joint indicates that centerbeams of the large joint will require replacement within several years.
Authors:
Roeder,C. W.
Keywords:
bridge and construction, cracking, expansion joints, fatigue, modular expansion joints, steel
|
|
| Nihan,N. L. | WA-RD 288.5 | Short-Term Forecasts of Freeway Traffic Volumes and Lane Occupancies Phase 2-Volume V | 1993 |
Abstract:
The current project addressed two major weak points of the existing WSDOT Ramp Control System. One weak point in the system is the fact that it reacts to the problem (congestion), rather than preventing the problem. The other weak point in the system is its reliance on detector data that may be in error. Both of these problems can be minimized by developing methods to accurately predict short-term traffic data. By predicting the onset of congestion early enough, the ramp metering system can act to prevent or delay occurrence of the problem. Also, if a detector has failed or is malfunctioning, the data from the detector can be estimated from short-term predictions based on neighboring detectors. At the beginning of the current project, the researchers had hoped that the same model would provide a basis for both forecasting congestion (for predictive ramp control) and replacing erroneous data (predicting actual values). However, the best method for filling in missing detector data turned out to be multivariate time series analysis. Several pattern recognition and time series models were tested for further development. In both cases, the simpler models turned out to be the best choices, and in both cases, further model testing and development were recommended. The research on both model types continues in follow-up studies that are expected to lead to incorporation of these models in the new TSMC computer system.
Authors:
Nihan,N. L., Knutson,K. L.
Keywords:
bridge and construction, turner proposal, concrete bridge, fatigue, overload, replacement costs, remaining life, route assessment, maximum moments, maintenance, design loads, continuity, traffic surveillance and control, ramp controls, freeway management, traffic flow forecasts, forecast models, ramp metering
The current project addressed two major weak points of the existing WSDOT Ramp Control System. One weak point in the system is the fact that it reacts to the problem (congestion), rather than preventing the problem. The other weak point in the system is its reliance on detector data that may be in error. Both of these problems can be minimized by developing methods to accurately predict short-term traffic data. By predicting the onset of congestion early enough, the ramp metering system can act to prevent or delay occurrence of the problem. Also, if a detector has failed or is malfunctioning, the data from the detector can be estimated from short-term predictions based on neighboring detectors. At the beginning of the current project, the researchers had hoped that the same model would provide a basis for both forecasting congestion (for predictive ramp control) and replacing erroneous data (predicting actual values). However, the best method for filling in missing detector data turned out to be multivariate time series analysis. Several pattern recognition and time series models were tested for further development. In both cases, the simpler models turned out to be the best choices, and in both cases, further model testing and development were recommended. The research on both model types continues in follow-up studies that are expected to lead to incorporation of these models in the new TSMC computer system.
Authors:
Nihan,N. L., Knutson,K. L.
Keywords:
bridge and construction, turner proposal, concrete bridge, fatigue, overload, replacement costs, remaining life, route assessment, maximum moments, maintenance, design loads, continuity, traffic surveillance and control, ramp controls, freeway management, traffic flow forecasts, forecast models, ramp metering
|
|
| Nihan,N. L. | WA-RD 288.3 | Evaluation of a Prediction Algorithm for A Real-Time Ramp Control System-Volume III | 1993 |
Abstract:
The current project addressed two major weak points of the existing WSDOT Ramp Control System. One weak point in the system is the fact that it reacts to the problem (congestion), rather than preventing the problem. The other weak point in the system is its reliance on detector data that may be in error. Both of these problems can be minimized by developing methods to accurately predict short-term traffic data. By predicting the onset of congestion early enough, the ramp metering system can act to prevent or delay occurrence of the problem. Also, if a detector has failed or is malfunctioning, the data from the detector can be estimated from short-term predictions based on neighboring detectors. At the beginning of the current project, the researchers had hoped that the same model would provide a basis for both forecasting congestion (for predictive ramp control) and replacing erroneous data (predicting actual values). However, the best method for filling in missing detector data turned out to be multivariate time series analysis. Several pattern recognition and time series models were tested for further development. In both cases, the simpler models turned out to be the best choices, and in both cases, further model testing and development were recommended. The research on both model types continues in follow-up studies that are expected to lead to incorporation of these models in the new TSMC computer system.
Authors:
Nihan,N. L., Cabrera-Gonzalez,I.
Keywords:
bridge and construction, turner proposal, concrete bridge, fatigue, overload, replacement costs, remaining life, route assessment, maximum moments, maintenance, design loads, continuity, traffic surveillance and control, ramp controls, freeway management, traffic flow forecasts, forecast models, ramp metering
The current project addressed two major weak points of the existing WSDOT Ramp Control System. One weak point in the system is the fact that it reacts to the problem (congestion), rather than preventing the problem. The other weak point in the system is its reliance on detector data that may be in error. Both of these problems can be minimized by developing methods to accurately predict short-term traffic data. By predicting the onset of congestion early enough, the ramp metering system can act to prevent or delay occurrence of the problem. Also, if a detector has failed or is malfunctioning, the data from the detector can be estimated from short-term predictions based on neighboring detectors. At the beginning of the current project, the researchers had hoped that the same model would provide a basis for both forecasting congestion (for predictive ramp control) and replacing erroneous data (predicting actual values). However, the best method for filling in missing detector data turned out to be multivariate time series analysis. Several pattern recognition and time series models were tested for further development. In both cases, the simpler models turned out to be the best choices, and in both cases, further model testing and development were recommended. The research on both model types continues in follow-up studies that are expected to lead to incorporation of these models in the new TSMC computer system.
Authors:
Nihan,N. L., Cabrera-Gonzalez,I.
Keywords:
bridge and construction, turner proposal, concrete bridge, fatigue, overload, replacement costs, remaining life, route assessment, maximum moments, maintenance, design loads, continuity, traffic surveillance and control, ramp controls, freeway management, traffic flow forecasts, forecast models, ramp metering
|
|
| Nihan,N. L. | WA-RD 288.2 | Application of Pattern Recognition to Forecast Congested Conditions on the Freeway for Use in Ramp Metering-Volume II | 1993 |
Abstract:
The current project addressed two major weak points of the existing WSDOT Ramp Control System. One weak point in the system is the fact that it reacts to the problem (congestion), rather than preventing the problem. The other weak point in the system is its reliance on detector data that may be in error. Both of these problems can be minimized by developing methods to accurately predict short-term traffic data. By predicting the onset of congestion early enough, the ramp metering system can act to prevent or delay occurrence of the problem. Also, if a detector has failed or is malfunctioning, the data from the detector can be estimated from short-term predictions based on neighboring detectors. At the beginning of the current project, the researchers had hoped that the same model would provide a basis for both forecasting congestion (for predictive ramp control) and replacing erroneous data (predicting actual values). However, the best method for filling in missing detector data turned out to be multivariate time series analysis. Several pattern recognition and time series models were tested for further development. In both cases, the simpler models turned out to be the best choices, and in both cases, further model testing and development were recommended. The research on both model types continues in follow-up studies that are expected to lead to incorporation of these models in the new TSMC computer system.
Authors:
Nihan,N. L., Babla,M. D.
Keywords:
bridge and construction, turner proposal, concrete bridge, fatigue, overload, replacement costs, remaining life, route assessment, maximum moments, maintenance, design loads, continuity, traffic surveillance and control, ramp controls, freeway management, traffic flow forecasts, forecast models, ramp metering
The current project addressed two major weak points of the existing WSDOT Ramp Control System. One weak point in the system is the fact that it reacts to the problem (congestion), rather than preventing the problem. The other weak point in the system is its reliance on detector data that may be in error. Both of these problems can be minimized by developing methods to accurately predict short-term traffic data. By predicting the onset of congestion early enough, the ramp metering system can act to prevent or delay occurrence of the problem. Also, if a detector has failed or is malfunctioning, the data from the detector can be estimated from short-term predictions based on neighboring detectors. At the beginning of the current project, the researchers had hoped that the same model would provide a basis for both forecasting congestion (for predictive ramp control) and replacing erroneous data (predicting actual values). However, the best method for filling in missing detector data turned out to be multivariate time series analysis. Several pattern recognition and time series models were tested for further development. In both cases, the simpler models turned out to be the best choices, and in both cases, further model testing and development were recommended. The research on both model types continues in follow-up studies that are expected to lead to incorporation of these models in the new TSMC computer system.
Authors:
Nihan,N. L., Babla,M. D.
Keywords:
bridge and construction, turner proposal, concrete bridge, fatigue, overload, replacement costs, remaining life, route assessment, maximum moments, maintenance, design loads, continuity, traffic surveillance and control, ramp controls, freeway management, traffic flow forecasts, forecast models, ramp metering
|
|
| Sorensen,H. | WA-RD 287.1 | Turner Truck Impact on Bridges | 1992 |
Abstract:
Values of various impacts associated with the concrete bridges in the State of Washington as related to the operation of trucks with configurations as proposed by Francis C. Turner have been determined. These cost estimates are presented in matrix form and are based on permutations involving four basic Turner prototype trucks, a range of values for the bridge design life and a range of values for bridge live load overload. The various cost estimates were compiled for a population of 2024 concrete bridges and were based on the assumption that each bridge in the population had a controlling maximum length simple span which was used in a failure criterion. The largest value of the cost estimate for the replacement of all deficient bridges in the population is $2.643 billion which resulted from the calculations involving the most severe Turner prototype truck loading (11AD), a 75 year design life, and a 0% live load overload. Several courses of action are postulated, and recommendations for further studies are given.
Authors:
Sorensen,H.
Keywords:
turner proposal, concrete bridge, fatigue, overload, replacement costs, remaining life, route assessment, maximum moments, maintenance, design loads, continuity
Values of various impacts associated with the concrete bridges in the State of Washington as related to the operation of trucks with configurations as proposed by Francis C. Turner have been determined. These cost estimates are presented in matrix form and are based on permutations involving four basic Turner prototype trucks, a range of values for the bridge design life and a range of values for bridge live load overload. The various cost estimates were compiled for a population of 2024 concrete bridges and were based on the assumption that each bridge in the population had a controlling maximum length simple span which was used in a failure criterion. The largest value of the cost estimate for the replacement of all deficient bridges in the population is $2.643 billion which resulted from the calculations involving the most severe Turner prototype truck loading (11AD), a 75 year design life, and a 0% live load overload. Several courses of action are postulated, and recommendations for further studies are given.
Authors:
Sorensen,H.
Keywords:
turner proposal, concrete bridge, fatigue, overload, replacement costs, remaining life, route assessment, maximum moments, maintenance, design loads, continuity
|
|
| Nihan,N. L. | WA-RD 288.4 | Short-term Forecasts of Freeway Traffic Volumes and Lane Occupancies Phase 1-Volume IV | 1992 |
Abstract:
The current project addressed two major weak points of the existing WSDOT Ramp Control System. One weak point in the system is the fact that it reacts to the problem (congestion), rather than preventing the problem. The other weak point in the system is its reliance on detector data that may be in error. Both of these problems can be minimized by developing methods to accurately predict short-term traffic data. By predicting the onset of congestion early enough, the ramp metering system can act to prevent or delay occurrence of the problem. Also, if a detector has failed or is malfunctioning, the data from the detector can be estimated from short-term predictions based on neighboring detectors. At the beginning of the current project, the researchers had hoped that the same model would provide a basis for both forecasting congestion (for predictive ramp control) and replacing erroneous data (predicting actual values). However, the best method for filling in missing detector data turned out to be multivariate time series analysis. Several pattern recognition and time series models were tested for further development. In both cases, the simpler models turned out to be the best choices, and in both cases, further model testing and development were recommended. The research on both model types continues in follow-up studies that are expected to lead to incorporation of these models in the new TSMC computer system.
Authors:
Nihan,N. L., Zhu,J.
Keywords:
bridge and construction, turner proposal, concrete bridge, fatigue, overload, replacement costs, remaining life, route assessment, maximum moments, maintenance, design loads, continuity, traffic surveillance and control, ramp controls, freeway management, traffic flow forecasts, forecast models, ramp metering
The current project addressed two major weak points of the existing WSDOT Ramp Control System. One weak point in the system is the fact that it reacts to the problem (congestion), rather than preventing the problem. The other weak point in the system is its reliance on detector data that may be in error. Both of these problems can be minimized by developing methods to accurately predict short-term traffic data. By predicting the onset of congestion early enough, the ramp metering system can act to prevent or delay occurrence of the problem. Also, if a detector has failed or is malfunctioning, the data from the detector can be estimated from short-term predictions based on neighboring detectors. At the beginning of the current project, the researchers had hoped that the same model would provide a basis for both forecasting congestion (for predictive ramp control) and replacing erroneous data (predicting actual values). However, the best method for filling in missing detector data turned out to be multivariate time series analysis. Several pattern recognition and time series models were tested for further development. In both cases, the simpler models turned out to be the best choices, and in both cases, further model testing and development were recommended. The research on both model types continues in follow-up studies that are expected to lead to incorporation of these models in the new TSMC computer system.
Authors:
Nihan,N. L., Zhu,J.
Keywords:
bridge and construction, turner proposal, concrete bridge, fatigue, overload, replacement costs, remaining life, route assessment, maximum moments, maintenance, design loads, continuity, traffic surveillance and control, ramp controls, freeway management, traffic flow forecasts, forecast models, ramp metering
|
|
| Peters,A. J. | WA-RD 127.1 | Plusride Asphalt Pavement | 1987 |
Abstract:
This is the final report of PlusRide being used as the wearing course on a bridge deck overlay.A Class D Asphalt Concrete pavement which is an open graded friction course was used on an adjacent bridge as a control for the PlusRide. The PlusRide claims were high friction resistance, reduced noise, increased fatigue properties and deicing characteristics. The PlusRide cost 50 percent more that the Class D and the friction resistance, noise levels and fatigue properties were the same for the PlusRide and Class D. The deicing characteristics could not be confirmed due to the absence of surface icing on highways in the Yakima area.
Authors:
Peters,A. J., Schultz,R. L.
Keywords:
asphalt, asphalt concrete, Asphalt Concrete pavement, asphalt pavement, bridge, bridge deck, bridge deck overlay, claims, Class D, concrete, control, cost, Deck, fatigue, friction, highway, Highways, noise, overlay, pavement, PlusRide, resistance
This is the final report of PlusRide being used as the wearing course on a bridge deck overlay.A Class D Asphalt Concrete pavement which is an open graded friction course was used on an adjacent bridge as a control for the PlusRide. The PlusRide claims were high friction resistance, reduced noise, increased fatigue properties and deicing characteristics. The PlusRide cost 50 percent more that the Class D and the friction resistance, noise levels and fatigue properties were the same for the PlusRide and Class D. The deicing characteristics could not be confirmed due to the absence of surface icing on highways in the Yakima area.
Authors:
Peters,A. J., Schultz,R. L.
Keywords:
asphalt, asphalt concrete, Asphalt Concrete pavement, asphalt pavement, bridge, bridge deck, bridge deck overlay, claims, Class D, concrete, control, cost, Deck, fatigue, friction, highway, Highways, noise, overlay, pavement, PlusRide, resistance
|
|
| Peters,A. J. | WA-RD 130.1 | PlusRide Asphalt Pavement (SR 405/S Curves) | 1987 |
Abstract:
This is the post construction and one year evaluation Report of being used as the wearing course on a bridge deck overlay under very high traffic volumes. A rubberized Class D Asphalt Concrete Pavement friction course was used on an adjacent bridge to compare against the PlusRide. The properties evaluated were friction resistance, noise, fatigue properties and deicing characteristics. The friction and noise properties are the same. The PlusRide has deeper ruts and large areas in the traveled lane have delaminated. The deicing characteristics have not been confirmed. The rubberized class ACP is performing better than the PlusRide.
Authors:
Peters,A. J., Schultz,R. L.
Keywords:
asphalt, asphalt concrete, Asphalt Concrete pavement, asphalt pavement, bridge, bridge deck, bridge deck overlay, bridges, Class D, concrete, construction, Deck, evaluation, fatigue, friction, friction course, noise, overlay, pavement, PlusRide, resistance, Rubberized, traffic, traffic volumes, volume
This is the post construction and one year evaluation Report of being used as the wearing course on a bridge deck overlay under very high traffic volumes. A rubberized Class D Asphalt Concrete Pavement friction course was used on an adjacent bridge to compare against the PlusRide. The properties evaluated were friction resistance, noise, fatigue properties and deicing characteristics. The friction and noise properties are the same. The PlusRide has deeper ruts and large areas in the traveled lane have delaminated. The deicing characteristics have not been confirmed. The rubberized class ACP is performing better than the PlusRide.
Authors:
Peters,A. J., Schultz,R. L.
Keywords:
asphalt, asphalt concrete, Asphalt Concrete pavement, asphalt pavement, bridge, bridge deck, bridge deck overlay, bridges, Class D, concrete, construction, Deck, evaluation, fatigue, friction, friction course, noise, overlay, pavement, PlusRide, resistance, Rubberized, traffic, traffic volumes, volume
|
|
| Anderson,J. L. | WA-RD 147.1 | PlusRide And BoniFibers Evaluation SR 530 Stanwood Vicinity | 1987 |
Abstract:
Asphalt mixes modified with the addition of reclaimed rubber granules (PlusRide) and polyester fibers (BoniFibers) were used in a 0.12-ft overlay of a badly distressed section of AC pavement. The distress consisted of transverse and longitudinal cracking which was reflecting through from the underlying old PCC pavement and severe alligator cracking which was an age related fatigue problem. A section of standard Class B dense graded ACP was also put down to serve as a control section for judging performance.The three sections are to be monitored over a period of three years to determine the effectiveness of the asphalt additive products in preventing the reflection of the distresses noted in the underlying pavementfrom showing through in the overlay. The first year inspection revealed that the PlusRide section was showing some longitudinal cracking over the old PCC lane edge. The BoniFibers section was also showing the same longitudinal distress over the lane edge of the underlying PCC plus a small amount of transverse cracking.
Authors:
Anderson,J. L.
Keywords:
additive, Alligator Cracking, asphalt, asphalt pavement mixtures, Bonifibers, control, cracking, Distress, effectiveness, evaluation, fatigue, inspection, overlay, pavement, PCC, performance, PlusRide, polyester, Polyester Fibers, reflective crack prevention, rubber
Asphalt mixes modified with the addition of reclaimed rubber granules (PlusRide) and polyester fibers (BoniFibers) were used in a 0.12-ft overlay of a badly distressed section of AC pavement. The distress consisted of transverse and longitudinal cracking which was reflecting through from the underlying old PCC pavement and severe alligator cracking which was an age related fatigue problem. A section of standard Class B dense graded ACP was also put down to serve as a control section for judging performance.The three sections are to be monitored over a period of three years to determine the effectiveness of the asphalt additive products in preventing the reflection of the distresses noted in the underlying pavementfrom showing through in the overlay. The first year inspection revealed that the PlusRide section was showing some longitudinal cracking over the old PCC lane edge. The BoniFibers section was also showing the same longitudinal distress over the lane edge of the underlying PCC plus a small amount of transverse cracking.
Authors:
Anderson,J. L.
Keywords:
additive, Alligator Cracking, asphalt, asphalt pavement mixtures, Bonifibers, control, cracking, Distress, effectiveness, evaluation, fatigue, inspection, overlay, pavement, PCC, performance, PlusRide, polyester, Polyester Fibers, reflective crack prevention, rubber
|
|
| Mahoney,J. P. | WA-RD 056.2A | Sulfur extended asphalt pavement evaluation design and construction executive summary 911 | 1982 |
Abstract:
This summary report provides an overview of the performance of sulfur extended asphalt (SEA) paving mixtures at the WSU Test Track (Pullman, WA). A brief description of the mix designs, pavement structural design, test track loading apparatus and test pavement configurations is followed by a description of selected test track data (accelerations, temperatures and stain measurements). Finally, a description of the fatigue relationships developed from the WSU Test Track data is presented. Included are laboratory fatigue results.
Authors:
Mahoney,J. P.
Keywords:
911, asphalt, asphalt pavement, construction, data, design, developed, evaluation, Executive, Executive Summary, extended asphalt, fatigue, mixture, pavement, pavement evaluation, pavement performance, performance, sulfur, temperature, test track
This summary report provides an overview of the performance of sulfur extended asphalt (SEA) paving mixtures at the WSU Test Track (Pullman, WA). A brief description of the mix designs, pavement structural design, test track loading apparatus and test pavement configurations is followed by a description of selected test track data (accelerations, temperatures and stain measurements). Finally, a description of the fatigue relationships developed from the WSU Test Track data is presented. Included are laboratory fatigue results.
Authors:
Mahoney,J. P.
Keywords:
911, asphalt, asphalt pavement, construction, data, design, developed, evaluation, Executive, Executive Summary, extended asphalt, fatigue, mixture, pavement, pavement evaluation, pavement performance, performance, sulfur, temperature, test track
| Brown,C. B. | WA-RD 044.1 | Evergreen Point Bridge Maintenance Problems 936 | 1980 |
Abstract:
The 1974-79 study of the maintenance problems of the drawspan mechanism of the Evergreen Point Bridge across Lake Washington is reported. The approach was to predict the life of elements by Miner's hypothesis. For this the strains at critical points and the wind vector were measured over two sessions. These results were correlated with long term wind data to provide the number of cycles in a year at various stress levels. The fatigue capacity of anchor rods was determined by the Prot test on six specimens. The resulting S-N curve compared to the field measurements to determine the expected life of the rods from the Miner criterion. The methods developed provide useable maintenance procedures for the prevention of fatigue failure of critical structural elements.
Authors:
Brown,C. B.
Keywords:
bridge, data, developed, fatigue, maintenance, methods, reliability, strains, stresses, Washington, wind
The 1974-79 study of the maintenance problems of the drawspan mechanism of the Evergreen Point Bridge across Lake Washington is reported. The approach was to predict the life of elements by Miner's hypothesis. For this the strains at critical points and the wind vector were measured over two sessions. These results were correlated with long term wind data to provide the number of cycles in a year at various stress levels. The fatigue capacity of anchor rods was determined by the Prot test on six specimens. The resulting S-N curve compared to the field measurements to determine the expected life of the rods from the Miner criterion. The methods developed provide useable maintenance procedures for the prevention of fatigue failure of critical structural elements.
Authors:
Brown,C. B.
Keywords:
bridge, data, developed, fatigue, maintenance, methods, reliability, strains, stresses, Washington, wind
|
|
| Mahoney,J. P. | WA-RD 036.1 | Pavement Testing and Analysis Of Heavy Hauls For SR-12 /Problem Area Highway On SR-12 940 | 1979 |
Abstract:
The pavement structure of SR 12 between Montesano and Elma, Washington was evaluated for the proposed heavy loads associated with construction of the Satsop power plant. Information used in evaluating SR-12 resulted from two sources which included field studies conducted by the Washington State Department of Transportation and development of various material strength parameters by the University of Washington. These data were used to model the pavement structure as a layered elastic system. By use of this analysis procedure, the stresses, strains, and deflections were estimated for the expected range of loading conditions. The results indicate that the most probable amount of damage (fatigue and rutting) expected for the non-cement treated base structural sections is less that one to two percent of available pavement life for the "expected" loading condition. An increase in either or both the trailer wheel load and pavement temperature will act to produce greater losses in pavement life. It is estimated that the tensile stresses in the cement treated base may exceed the tensile strength of this material.
Authors:
Mahoney,J. P., Tsunetta,Jerrold Y., Terrel,Ronald L.
Keywords:
analysis, base, condition, construction, damage, data, development, fatigue, highway, loads, materials, model, pavement, Pavement Evaluation, Materials Characterization, Layered Elastic System, Failure Criteria, Heavy Loads, pavement life, pavement temperature, strains, strength, stresses, System, temperature, transportation, Washington, Washington state, wheel load
The pavement structure of SR 12 between Montesano and Elma, Washington was evaluated for the proposed heavy loads associated with construction of the Satsop power plant. Information used in evaluating SR-12 resulted from two sources which included field studies conducted by the Washington State Department of Transportation and development of various material strength parameters by the University of Washington. These data were used to model the pavement structure as a layered elastic system. By use of this analysis procedure, the stresses, strains, and deflections were estimated for the expected range of loading conditions. The results indicate that the most probable amount of damage (fatigue and rutting) expected for the non-cement treated base structural sections is less that one to two percent of available pavement life for the "expected" loading condition. An increase in either or both the trailer wheel load and pavement temperature will act to produce greater losses in pavement life. It is estimated that the tensile stresses in the cement treated base may exceed the tensile strength of this material.
Authors:
Mahoney,J. P., Tsunetta,Jerrold Y., Terrel,Ronald L.
Keywords:
analysis, base, condition, construction, damage, data, development, fatigue, highway, loads, materials, model, pavement, Pavement Evaluation, Materials Characterization, Layered Elastic System, Failure Criteria, Heavy Loads, pavement life, pavement temperature, strains, strength, stresses, System, temperature, transportation, Washington, Washington state, wheel load
|
|
| Brown,C. B. | WA-RD 044.5 | Evergreen Point Bridge Maintenance Problems - Annual Report | 1978 |
Abstract:
This report includes a full year of field data and a synthesis of all data. These include 422 hourly events of which 351 occurred in the 1977-78 season. This use of Miner's hypothesis is justified in this report.
Authors:
Brown,C. B.
Keywords:
Annual, bridge, data, fatigue, maintenance, reliability, season, wind
This report includes a full year of field data and a synthesis of all data. These include 422 hourly events of which 351 occurred in the 1977-78 season. This use of Miner's hypothesis is justified in this report.
Authors:
Brown,C. B.
Keywords:
Annual, bridge, data, fatigue, maintenance, reliability, season, wind
|
|
| Brown,C. B. | WA-RD 044.4 | Evergreen Point Bridge Maintenance Problems - Annual Report | 1977 |
Abstract:
This report reflects a year of calms with little addition to the data base. Pressure transducers were placed and an analytical scheme is reported. This scheme was subsequently used in the final work.
Authors:
Brown,C. B.
Keywords:
Annual, base, bridge, data, fatigue, maintenance, pressure, reliability, wind
This report reflects a year of calms with little addition to the data base. Pressure transducers were placed and an analytical scheme is reported. This scheme was subsequently used in the final work.
Authors:
Brown,C. B.
Keywords:
Annual, base, bridge, data, fatigue, maintenance, pressure, reliability, wind
|
|
| Brown,C. | WA-RD 044.3 | Evergreen Point Bridge Maintenance Problems - Annual Report | 1976 |
Abstract:
This report reflects a year of data gathering together with the completion of analysis programs. These include the initial tape conversion, data rejection and selection, fast Fourier transform coefficient computation. Complete statistics of measurements are given.
Authors:
Brown,C.
Keywords:
analysis, Annual, bridge, data, fatigue, maintenance, program, reliability, statistics, wind
This report reflects a year of data gathering together with the completion of analysis programs. These include the initial tape conversion, data rejection and selection, fast Fourier transform coefficient computation. Complete statistics of measurements are given.
Authors:
Brown,C.
Keywords:
analysis, Annual, bridge, data, fatigue, maintenance, program, reliability, statistics, wind
|
|
| Brown,C. B. | WA-RD 044.2 | Evergreen Point Bridge Maintenance Problems - Annual Report | 1975 |
Abstract:
This report completely describes the instrumentation on the drawspan of this Evergreen Point Bridge. The design and construction of the data recording system, with the complete calibration of the measurement and collection system is given. Initial data collection and preliminary analysis is set out. The analysis was subsequently abandoned, the data was retained.
Authors:
Brown,C. B.
Keywords:
analysis, Annual, bridge, calibration, construction, data, data collection, design, fatigue, maintenance, reliability, System, wind
This report completely describes the instrumentation on the drawspan of this Evergreen Point Bridge. The design and construction of the data recording system, with the complete calibration of the measurement and collection system is given. Initial data collection and preliminary analysis is set out. The analysis was subsequently abandoned, the data was retained.
Authors:
Brown,C. B.
Keywords:
analysis, Annual, bridge, calibration, construction, data, data collection, design, fatigue, maintenance, reliability, System, wind
|
|
| Krukar,M. | WA-RD 015.4 | Pavement Research at the WSU Test Track - Volume No. 4 Experimental Ring No 4 A Study of Untreated, Sand Asphalt, and As... | 1970 |
Abstract:
Three different kinds of base material of varying base thicknesses were tested at the Washington State University Test Track on Ring #3 during the fall of 1967 and the spring of 1968. Twelve 18-foot test sections consisting of 4.5, 7.0, 9.5 and 12 inches of untreated crushed rock surfacing top course base; 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 and 9.0 inches of emulsion treated crushed surfacing top course base; and 0.0, 2.0, 3.5 and 5.0 inches of special non-fractured screened aggregate asphalt treated base, covered by a uniform 3.0-inch thick Class "B" asphalt concrete wearing course were tested during this period. This pavement structure was built on a clay-silt subgrade soil.Instrumentation consisted of moisture tensiometers, strain gages, pressure cells, LVDT gages and thermocouples for measuring moisture, strain, stress, dynamic deflections and temperatures. Benkleman beam readings were taken.The testing period revealed that the fall failure modes were different from the spring failures. The fall failure patter started from transverse cracks in the thin sections which developed into alligator cracking patterns. These cracks appeared after a period of cold weather and heavy rains followed by a warming period. It seems that thermal and mechanical loads were responsible for the fall failures on the thin sections. The spring failures were very rapid and sudden and were due to environmental factors which led to saturated subgrade, thus resulting in poor bearing capacity. Punching shear was the failure mode. The thickest sections survived without cracks but developed severe rutting. Examination revealed that these ruts extended into the subgrade and that fatigue cracking was developing on the bottom of the bases.Comparison of the results with those obtained from Ring# 2, which was similar in base materials and thickness, show that they were similar in many respects. This indicates that the test track is capable of replicating results and is a reliable research instrument.Equivalencies were developed for the different materials. On this basis the special aggregate asphalt treated base was superior to the emulsion treated and untreated crushed rock bases in that order. These results were comparable to those obtained from test Ring #2.Maximum values for static and dynamic deflections, strains and stresses for different times and temperatures were developed. The lateral position of the dual tires with respect to the gage severely affected the strain, stresses and deflection values. Temperature also caused variations in the measurements. Spring instrument readings for static and dynamic deflections, strain and stress show increased values by as much as 2 to 4 times of those obtained in the fall. Spring subgrade conditions probably are responsible for these differences.Ring #3 series operational time was twice that of Ring #2 and sustained four times the wheel load applications. Construction and testing environmental conditions were superior to those for Ring #2 and hence contributed to the longer test period. This points out that environmental factors are very important in pavement life.
Authors:
Krukar,M.
Keywords:
aggregate, Alligator Cracking, applications, asphalt, asphalt concrete, base, base materials, bearing capacity, Benkleman beam, concrete, condition, construction, cracking, dual tires, environmental, experimental, fatigue, fatigue cracking, loads, materials, pavement, pavement life, pressure, pressure cell, rain, research, research at the WSU, strains, stresses, subgrade, temperature, test track, tire, tires, volume, Volume No.4, Washington, Washington state, wheel load
Three different kinds of base material of varying base thicknesses were tested at the Washington State University Test Track on Ring #3 during the fall of 1967 and the spring of 1968. Twelve 18-foot test sections consisting of 4.5, 7.0, 9.5 and 12 inches of untreated crushed rock surfacing top course base; 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 and 9.0 inches of emulsion treated crushed surfacing top course base; and 0.0, 2.0, 3.5 and 5.0 inches of special non-fractured screened aggregate asphalt treated base, covered by a uniform 3.0-inch thick Class "B" asphalt concrete wearing course were tested during this period. This pavement structure was built on a clay-silt subgrade soil.Instrumentation consisted of moisture tensiometers, strain gages, pressure cells, LVDT gages and thermocouples for measuring moisture, strain, stress, dynamic deflections and temperatures. Benkleman beam readings were taken.The testing period revealed that the fall failure modes were different from the spring failures. The fall failure patter started from transverse cracks in the thin sections which developed into alligator cracking patterns. These cracks appeared after a period of cold weather and heavy rains followed by a warming period. It seems that thermal and mechanical loads were responsible for the fall failures on the thin sections. The spring failures were very rapid and sudden and were due to environmental factors which led to saturated subgrade, thus resulting in poor bearing capacity. Punching shear was the failure mode. The thickest sections survived without cracks but developed severe rutting. Examination revealed that these ruts extended into the subgrade and that fatigue cracking was developing on the bottom of the bases.Comparison of the results with those obtained from Ring# 2, which was similar in base materials and thickness, show that they were similar in many respects. This indicates that the test track is capable of replicating results and is a reliable research instrument.Equivalencies were developed for the different materials. On this basis the special aggregate asphalt treated base was superior to the emulsion treated and untreated crushed rock bases in that order. These results were comparable to those obtained from test Ring #2.Maximum values for static and dynamic deflections, strains and stresses for different times and temperatures were developed. The lateral position of the dual tires with respect to the gage severely affected the strain, stresses and deflection values. Temperature also caused variations in the measurements. Spring instrument readings for static and dynamic deflections, strain and stress show increased values by as much as 2 to 4 times of those obtained in the fall. Spring subgrade conditions probably are responsible for these differences.Ring #3 series operational time was twice that of Ring #2 and sustained four times the wheel load applications. Construction and testing environmental conditions were superior to those for Ring #2 and hence contributed to the longer test period. This points out that environmental factors are very important in pavement life.
Authors:
Krukar,M.
Keywords:
aggregate, Alligator Cracking, applications, asphalt, asphalt concrete, base, base materials, bearing capacity, Benkleman beam, concrete, condition, construction, cracking, dual tires, environmental, experimental, fatigue, fatigue cracking, loads, materials, pavement, pavement life, pressure, pressure cell, rain, research, research at the WSU, strains, stresses, subgrade, temperature, test track, tire, tires, volume, Volume No.4, Washington, Washington state, wheel load
|
|
| Krukar,M. | WA-RD 015.3 | Pavement Research at the WSU Test Track, Volume No. 3 Experimental Ring No. 3: Study of Untreated Emulsion Treated and A... | 1969 |
Abstract:
Three different kinds of base material of varying base thicknesses were tested at the Washington State University Test Track on Ring #3 during the fall of 1967 and the spring of 1968. Twelve 18-foot test sections consisting of 4.5, 7.0, 9.5 and 12 inches of untreated crushed rock surfacing top course base; 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 and 9.0 inches of emulsion treated crushed surfacing top course base; and 0.0, 2.0, 3.5 and 5.0 inches of special non-fractured screened aggregate asphalt treated base, covered by a uniform 3.0-inch thick Class "B" asphalt concrete wearing course were tested during this period. This pavement structure was built on a clay-silt subgrade soil.Instrumentation consisted of moisture tensiometers, strain gages, pressure cells, LVDT gages and thermocouples for measuring moisture, strain, stress, dynamic deflections and temperatures. Benkleman beam readings were taken.The testing period revealed that the fall failure modes were different from the spring failures. The fall failure patter started from transverse cracks in the thin sections which developed into alligator cracking patterns. These cracks appeared after a period of cold weather and heavy rains followed by a warming period. It seems that thermal and mechanical loads were responsible for the fall failures on the thin sections. The spring failures were very rapid and sudden and were due to environmental factors which led to saturated subgrade, thus resulting in poor bearing capacity. Punching shear was the failure mode. The thickest sections survived without cracks but developed severe rutting. Examination revealed that these ruts extended into the subgrade and that fatigue cracking was developing on the bottom of the bases.Comparison of the results with those obtained from Ring# 2, which was similar in base materials and thickness, show that they were similar in many respects. This indicates that the test track is capable of replicating results and is a reliable research instrument.Equivalencies were developed for the different materials. On this basis the special aggregate asphalt treated base was superior to the emulsion treated and untreated crushed rock bases in that order. These results were comparable to those obtained from test Ring #2.Maximum values for static and dynamic deflections, strains and stresses for different times and temperatures were developed. The lateral position of the dual tires with respect to the gage severely affected the strain, stresses and deflection values. Temperature also caused variations in the measurements. Spring instrument readings for static and dynamic deflections, strain and stress show increased values by as much as 2 to 4 times of those obtained in the fall. Spring subgrade conditions probably are responsible for these differences.Ring #3 series operational time was twice that of Ring #2 and sustained four times the wheel load applications. Construction and testing environmental conditions were superior to those for Ring #2 and hence contributed to the longer test period. This points out that environmental factors are very important in pavement life.
Authors:
Krukar,M., Cook,J. C.
Keywords:
aggregate, Alligator Cracking, applications, asphalt, asphalt concrete, base, base materials, bearing capacity, Benkleman beam, concrete, condition, construction, cracking, dual tires, environmental, equivalencies, experimental, fatigue, fatigue cracking, loads, materials, pavement, pavement life, pressure, pressure cell, rain, research, research at the WSU, soil, strains, stresses, subgrade, temperature, test track, tire, tires, volume, Washington, Washington state, wheel load
Three different kinds of base material of varying base thicknesses were tested at the Washington State University Test Track on Ring #3 during the fall of 1967 and the spring of 1968. Twelve 18-foot test sections consisting of 4.5, 7.0, 9.5 and 12 inches of untreated crushed rock surfacing top course base; 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 and 9.0 inches of emulsion treated crushed surfacing top course base; and 0.0, 2.0, 3.5 and 5.0 inches of special non-fractured screened aggregate asphalt treated base, covered by a uniform 3.0-inch thick Class "B" asphalt concrete wearing course were tested during this period. This pavement structure was built on a clay-silt subgrade soil.Instrumentation consisted of moisture tensiometers, strain gages, pressure cells, LVDT gages and thermocouples for measuring moisture, strain, stress, dynamic deflections and temperatures. Benkleman beam readings were taken.The testing period revealed that the fall failure modes were different from the spring failures. The fall failure patter started from transverse cracks in the thin sections which developed into alligator cracking patterns. These cracks appeared after a period of cold weather and heavy rains followed by a warming period. It seems that thermal and mechanical loads were responsible for the fall failures on the thin sections. The spring failures were very rapid and sudden and were due to environmental factors which led to saturated subgrade, thus resulting in poor bearing capacity. Punching shear was the failure mode. The thickest sections survived without cracks but developed severe rutting. Examination revealed that these ruts extended into the subgrade and that fatigue cracking was developing on the bottom of the bases.Comparison of the results with those obtained from Ring# 2, which was similar in base materials and thickness, show that they were similar in many respects. This indicates that the test track is capable of replicating results and is a reliable research instrument.Equivalencies were developed for the different materials. On this basis the special aggregate asphalt treated base was superior to the emulsion treated and untreated crushed rock bases in that order. These results were comparable to those obtained from test Ring #2.Maximum values for static and dynamic deflections, strains and stresses for different times and temperatures were developed. The lateral position of the dual tires with respect to the gage severely affected the strain, stresses and deflection values. Temperature also caused variations in the measurements. Spring instrument readings for static and dynamic deflections, strain and stress show increased values by as much as 2 to 4 times of those obtained in the fall. Spring subgrade conditions probably are responsible for these differences.Ring #3 series operational time was twice that of Ring #2 and sustained four times the wheel load applications. Construction and testing environmental conditions were superior to those for Ring #2 and hence contributed to the longer test period. This points out that environmental factors are very important in pavement life.
Authors:
Krukar,M., Cook,J. C.
Keywords:
aggregate, Alligator Cracking, applications, asphalt, asphalt concrete, base, base materials, bearing capacity, Benkleman beam, concrete, condition, construction, cracking, dual tires, environmental, equivalencies, experimental, fatigue, fatigue cracking, loads, materials, pavement, pavement life, pressure, pressure cell, rain, research, research at the WSU, soil, strains, stresses, subgrade, temperature, test track, tire, tires, volume, Washington, Washington state, wheel load
|
|
| Previous | Next |
Search
Common Keywords:
- accident rates
- research
- Washington
- Washington state
- pavement
- data
- highway
- transportation
- design
- bridge
- evaluation
- construction
- performance
- condition
- program
- concrete
- traffic
- traffic surveillance and control
- analysis
- development
- WSDOT
- asphalt
- project
- control
- System
- Study
- cost
- ITS
- systems
- bridge and construction
- truck
- developed
- volume
- overlay
- HOV
- computer
- experimental
- environmental
- asphalt concrete
- earthquake
- pavement management
- transportation planning
- planning
- impact
- survey
- Highways
- materials
- speed
- bridges
- maintenance
- management
- marine
- tests
- tire
- methods
- impacts
- quality
- bridge deck
- temperature
- costs
- asphalt pavement
- seattle
- noise
- high occupancy vehicle
- highway runoff
- monitoring
- model
- land use
- fatigue
- pavements
- incident management
- public
- snow
- transit
- agencies
- overlays
- roadway
- facilities
- TRB
- effectiveness
- policy
- weight
- reinforced concrete
- methodology
- avalanche
- base
- ramp metering
- benefit
- loads
- prediction
- Interim
- cracking
- runoff
- models
- statistics
- Miscellaneous Library
- behavior